German

• adj.ドイツ語; ドイツ語を話す, ゲルマン語
• n. ドイツ語; ドイツ語圏の

ラテン語のGermanusが語源で、ローマのユリウス?カエサルが最初に使用した。

german (adj.)

"of the same parents or grandparents," c. 1300, from Old French germain "own, full; born of the same mother and father; closely related" (12c.), from Latin germanus "full, own (of brothers and sisters); one's own brother; genuine, real, actual, true," related to germen (genitive germinis) "sprout, bud," of uncertain origin; perhaps dissimilated from PIE *gen(e)-men-, from root *gene- "to give birth, beget" (see genus). Your cousin-german (also first cousin) is the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt; your children and your first cousin's are second cousins to one another; to you, your first cousin's children are first cousin once removed.

German (n.)

"a native of Germany," 1520s, from Latin Germanus (adjective and noun, plural Germani), first attested in writings of Julius Caesar, who used Germani to designate a group of tribes in northeastern Gaul, of unknown origin. Probably originally the name of an individual tribe, but Gaulish (Celtic) origins have been proposed, from words perhaps originally meaning "noisy" (compare Old Irish garim "to shout") or "neighbor" (compare Old Irish gair "neighbor"). Middle English had Germayns (plural, late 14c.), but only in the sense "ancient Teuton, member of the Germanic tribes." The earlier English word was Almain (early 14c.; see Alemanni) or Dutch.

Te empere passede from te Grees to te Frenschemen and to te Germans, tat beet Almayns. [John of Trevisa, translation of Higdon's Polychronicon, 1387]

Their name for themselves, die Deutschen (see Dutch), dates from 12c. Roman writers also used Teutoni as a German tribal name, and writers in Latin after about 875 commonly refer to the German language as teutonicus (see Teutonic). Meaning "the German language" in English is from 1748. High German (1823 in English) and Low German as a division of dialects is geographical: High German (from 16c. established as the literary language) was the German spoken in the upland regions in southern Germany, Low German (often including Dutch, Frisian, Flemish), also called Plattdeutsch was spoken in the regions near the North Sea. In the U.S. German also was used of descendants of settlers from Germany.

German (adj.)

"of or pertaining to Germany or the Germans," 1550s, from German (n.). German shepherd as a breed of dog (1922) is short for German shepherd dog (1889), which translates German deutscher Sch?ferhund. German Ocean as an old name for the North Sea translates Ptolemy. German measles attested by 1856. German-American is from 1880. German Reformed church is from 1812.

1. Big credits were given to East Germany by successive West German governments.

歴代西ドイツ政府は東ドイツに大量の融資を行った。

2.Their unit was shelling the German lines only seven miles away.

彼らの部隊はわずか7マイル離れたドイツ軍の防御線を砲撃している。

3.The average German will enjoy 40 days 'paid holiday this year.

今年、ドイツ人は平均40日間の有給休暇を享受する。

4.They were conversing in German ，their only common language.

彼らはドイツ語で話しています。これは彼らの唯一の共通言語です。

5.Chancellor Helmut Kohl was the leading cheerleader for German unification.ヘルムート?コール首相はドイツ統一の主要な支持者である。