affray: [14] Affray is a word of mixed Germanic and Romance origin. The noun comes from the verb, ‘alarm’ (now obsolete, but still very much with us in the form of its past participle, afraid), which was borrowed into English from Anglo- Norman afrayer and Old French effreer and esfreer. These go back to a hypothetical Vulgar Latin verb *exfridāre, which was composed of the Latin prefix ex- ‘out’ and an assumed noun *fridus, which Latin took from the Frankish *frithuz ‘peace’ (cognate with German friede ‘peace’, and with the name Frederick). The underlying meaning of the word is thus ‘take away someone’s peace’. => afraid, belfry
affray (n.)
c. 1300, "state of alarm produced by a sudden disturbance," from Old French effrei, esfrei "disturbance, fright," from esfreer (v.) "to worry, concern, trouble, disturb," from Vulgar Latin *exfridare, a hybrid word meaning literally "to take out of peace," from Latin ex- "out of" (see ex-) + Frankish *frithu "peace," from Proto-Germanic *frithuz "peace, consideration, forbearance" (cognates: Old Saxon frithu, Old English frieu, Old High German fridu "peace, truce"), from suffixed form of PIE root *pri- "to be friendly, love" (see free (adj.)). Meaning "breach of the peace, riotous fight in public" is from late 15c. Related verb afrey (early 14c.) survives almost exclusively in its past participle, afraid (q.v.).
例文
1. They were convicted of affray and received community service sentences.
彼らは殴り合いのトラブルでコミュニティ義務サービスとして判決された。
2.Barnstaple crown court was told he caused an affray at a pub in Braunton，Devon.
ベインストパール刑事裁判所にダーウィン郡ブラウントンの酒場でのケンカを告発した人がいる。
3.An interesting shoting affray was on in the mountains of Kentucky.
ケンタッキー州の山岳地帯で面白い銃撃戦が起きた。
4.Gambling houses ran full blast and hardly a night passed without its shooting or cutting affray .