algebra

• n. 代数

アラビア語のal jabrから。alは定冠詞。-Algebraはjabr(骨)と同じで、アラブの数学者Khwarizmiの数学書のタイトルである。

algebra

algebra: [16] Algebra symbolizes the debt of Western culture to Arab mathematics, but ironically when it first entered the English language it was used as a term for the setting of broken bones, and even sometimes for the fractures themselves (‘The helpes of Algebra and of dislocations’, Robert Copland, Formulary of Guydo in surgery 1541). This reflects the original literal meaning of the Arabic term al jebr, ‘the reuniting of broken parts’, from the verb jabara ‘reunite’.

The anatomical connotations of this were adopted when the word was borrowed, as algebra, into Spanish, Italian, and medieval Latin, from one or other of which English acquired it. In Arabic, however, it had long been applied to the solving of algebraic equations (the full Arabic expression was ’ilm aljebr wa’lmuqābalah ‘the science of reunion and equation’, and the mathematician al- Khwarizmi used aljebr as the title of his treatise on algebra – see ALGORITHM), and by the end of the 16th century this was firmly established as the central meaning of algebra in English.

algebra (n.)

1550s, from Medieval Latin algebra, from Arabic al jabr ("in vulgar pronunciation, al-jebr" [Klein]) "reunion of broken parts," as in computation, used 9c. by Baghdad mathematician Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi as the title of his famous treatise on equations ("Kitab al-Jabr w'al-Muqabala" "Rules of Reintegration and Reduction"), which also introduced Arabic numerals to the West. The accent shifted 17c. from second syllable to first. The word was used in English 15c.-16c. to mean "bone-setting," probably from Arab medical men in Spain.

1. She is fascinated by algebra while he considers it meaningless nonsense.彼女は代数に夢中になっているが、彼は代数は意味がないと思っている。

2.He was not good at algebra in midddle school.

彼は中学生の時代数が苦手だった。

3.In algebra ，the sign X usually denotes an unknown quantity.

記号Xは代数的に未知数を表すためによく使われている。

4.His classmates were labouring with elementary algebra .

彼の学生たちは頭をひねって初等代数問題を演算している。

5.He would allow John slyly to copy his answers to impossibly difficult algebra questions.

彼はジョンに非常に難しい代数問題に対する自分の解答をこっそり写させる。