archetype
英 ['ɑːkɪtaɪp]
美 ['ɑrkə'taɪp]
英語の語源
- archetype
- archetype: [17] Archetype comes, via Latin archetypum, from Greek arkhétupon, a nominal use of the adjective arkhétupos, literally ‘firstmoulded’, from túpos ‘mould, model, type’. The Greek prefix arkhe- was based on the noun arkhos ‘chief, ruler’, a derivative of the verb arkhein ‘begin, rule’ (see ARCHIVES). It first entered our language (via Latin archi-) in the Old English period, as arce- (archbishop was an early compound formed with it); and it was reborrowed in the Middle English period from Old French arche-.
Its use has gradually extended from ‘highest in status’ and ‘first of its kind’ to ‘the ultimate – and usually the worst – of its kind’, as in archcraitor. Its negative connotations lie behind its eventual development, in the 17th century, into an independent adjective, first as ‘cunning, crafty’, later as ‘saucy, mischievous’. The same Greek root has provided English with the suffixes -arch and -archy (as in monarch, oligarchy); but here the original meaning of ‘ruling’ has been preserved much more stably.
=> archaic, archives - archetype (n.)
- "original pattern from which copies are made," 1540s [Barnhart] or c. 1600 [OED], from Latin archetypum, from Greek arkhetypon "pattern, model, figure on a seal," neuter of adjective arkhetypos "first-moulded," from arkhe- "first" (see archon) + typos "model, type, blow, mark of a blow" (see type). Jungian psychology sense of "pervasive idea or image from the collective unconscious" is from 1919. Jung defined archetypal images as "forms or images of a collective nature which occur practically all over the earth as constituents of myths and at the same time as autochthonous individual products of unconscious origin." ["Psychology and Religion" 1937]
例文
- 1. She is the archetype of an American movie star.
- 彼女は典型的なアメリカの映画スターだ。
- 2.Old Mr.Duff is the archetype of the elderly British gentleman.
- 年老いたダフ氏は、英国の老紳士の代表格である。
- 3.He came to this country 20 years ago and is the archetype of the successful Asian businessman.
- 彼が20年前にこの国に来たのは、成功したアジア系ビジネスマンの典型だ。dd>
- 4.Odysseus is the archetype of the wanderer.
- オデュッセウスは長距離歩行者の原型である。
- 5.Jung Your individual shit is an archetype of the collective shit.
- ユング：あなたの個体の大便は集団大便の原型です。
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