ash: [OE] There are two distinct words ash in English: ash the tree and ash ‘burnt material’. The tree (Old English ?sc) comes from a prehistoric Germanic *askiz, which in turn derived from the Indo-European base *os-; this was the source of several tree-names in other Indo-European languages, not all of them by any means corresponding to the ash: Latin ornus, for instance, meant ‘elm’, and Albanian ah is ‘beech’. Ash as in ‘cigarette ash’ is a descendant of Old English ?sce.
It has cognate forms in other Germanic languages (German asche, Dutch asch, Swedish aska), pointing to a prehistoric Germanic *azgon, which may be related to the Latin verbs ārēre ‘be dry’ (source of English arid) and ārdēre ‘burn’ (source of English ardent, ardour, and arson). => ardent, arid, arson
ash (n.1)
"powdery remains of fire," Old English ?sce "ash," from Proto-Germanic *askon (cognates: Old Norse and Swedish aska, Old High German asca, German asche, Gothic azgo "ashes"), from PIE root *ai- (2) "to burn, glow" (cognates: Sanskrit asah "ashes, dust," Armenian azazem "I dry up," Greek azein "to dry up, parch," Latin ardus "parched, dry"). Spanish and Portuguese ascua "red-hot coal" are Germanic loan-words.
Symbol of grief or repentance; hence Ash Wednesday (c. 1300), from custom introduced by Pope Gregory the Great of sprinkling ashes on the heads of penitents on the first day of Lent. Ashes meaning "mortal remains of a person" is late 13c., in reference to the ancient custom of cremation.
ash (n.2)
type of tree, Old English ?sc "ash tree," also "spear made of ash wood," from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz (cognates: Old Norse askr, Old Saxon ask, Middle Dutch esce, German Esche), from PIE root *os- "ash tree" (cognates: Armenian haci "ash tree," Albanian ah "beech," Greek oxya "beech," Latin ornus "wild mountain ash," Russian jasen, Lithuanian uosis "ash"). Ash was the preferred wood for spear-shafts, so Old English ?sc sometimes meant "spear" (as in ?sc-here "company armed with spears").
例文
1. Weather satellites have observed a ring of volcanic ash girdling the earth.
気象衛星は地球を周回する火山灰帯を観測した。
2.マウントUnzen has been spewing out volcanic ash ，gas，and rock today.
雲仙山は今日、火山灰、ガス、火山岩を外に噴出している。
3.The bodies buried in the fine ash slowly decayed.
灰の中に埋められた死体は徐々に腐敗していった。
4.The power-generation plant belched out five tonnes of ash an hour.
発電所は1時間に5トンの灰を排出します。
5.The volcano threw new showers of magma and ash into the air.