bid

• vt. 入札する；申し出る；表明する；命令する
• vi. 入札する；命令する
• n. 入札する；呼ぶ；獲得に努める
• n. （ロシア語で）入札する；人の名前

PIE *bheudh の「悟る、目覚める」から。原義は仏陀、ブッダを参照。ここでは経済的な意味で使われ、入札が価格を意識したものでなければならないことを意味する。

PIE *gwhedhから、頼む、祈る、命令する。

bid

bid: [OE] Bid has a complicated history, for it comes from what were originally two completely distinct Old English verbs. The main one was biddan (past tense b?d) ‘ask, demand’, from which we get such modern English usages as ‘I bade him come in’. It goes back to a prehistoric Germanic *bithjan (source of German bitten ‘ask’), which was formed from the base *beth- (from which modern English gets bead).

But a contribution to the present nexus of meanings was also made by Old English bēodan (past tense bēad) ‘offer, proclaim’ (whence ‘bid at an auction’ and so on). This can be traced ultimately to an Indo- European base *bh(e)udh-, which gave Germanic *buth-, source also of German bieten ‘offer’ and perhaps of English beadle [13], originally ‘one who proclaims’.
=> bead, beadle

bid (v.)

probably an early Middle English mutual influence or confusion of two old words: The sense in bid farewell is from Old English biddan "to ask, entreat, beg, pray, beseech; order" (class V strong verb, past tense b?d, past participle beden), from Proto-Germanic *bidjan "to pray, entreat" (source also of German bitten "to ask," attested in Old High German from 8c., also Old Saxon bidjan, Old Frisian bidda, Old Norse bieja, Gothic bidjan). This, according to Kluge and Watkins, is from a PIE root *gwhedh- "to ask, pray" (see bead (n.)).

To bid at an auction, meanwhile, is from Old English beodan "offer, proclaim" (class II strong verb; past tense bead, past participle boden), from Proto-Germanic *beudan "to stretch out, reach out, offer, present," (source also of German bieten "to offer," Old High German biatan, also Old Saxon biodan, Old Frisian biada, Old Norse bjoea, Gothic anabiudan "to command"). This is from PIE root *bheudh- "to be aware, make aware" (see bode (v.)). As a noun, 1788, from the verb.

1. He certainly wasn 't going to bid $18 billion for this company.

彼はこの会社を買収するために180億ドルを出さないに違いない。

2.Speculation centred on a likely bid price of 380 p a share.

多くの人は買い手の入札が1株当たり380ペンスである可能性があると推測している。

3. Hanson made an agreed takeover bid of ￡351 million.

ハンソンは、3億5100万ポンドで同社を引き継ぐことに合意した。

4.They agreed to bid the picture up to 4500 francs.

彼らはこの絵の価格を4500フランに引き上げることに同意した。

5.He has submitted a bid to resuscitate the struggling magazine.

彼はこの危険な週刊誌を救うために入札した。