black

• adj.黒; 黒人; 邪悪
• n. 黒色；黒人；黒色顔料
• vt.黒くする；靴墨などを塗る；（眼球に）あざをつける
• vi. 黒くする
• n. （黒）人の名前；（英語、スペイン語）ブラック；（ドイツ語、ポルトガル語、チェコ語）ブラック

PIE * bhel（燃やす、輝く）から。語源はblank、blueと同じ。 古英語のblackは曖昧な単語で、黒と白、あるいは他の色の両方を指す。

black

black: [OE] The usual Old English word for ‘black’ was sweart (source of modern English swart and swarthy, and related to German schwarz ‘black’), but black already existed (Old English bl?c), and since the Middle English period it has replaced swart. Related but now extinct forms existed in other Germanic languages (including Old Norse blakkr ‘dark’ and Old Saxon blac ‘ink’), but the word’s ultimate source is not clear. Some have compared it with Latin flagrāre and Greek phlégein, both meaning ‘burn’, which go back to an Indo-European base *phleg-, a variant of *bhleg-.

black (adj.)

Old English bl?c "dark," from Proto-Germanic *blakaz "burned" (cognates: Old Norse blakkr "dark," Old High German blah "black," Swedish bl?ck "ink," Dutch blaken "to burn"), from PIE *bhleg- "to burn, gleam, shine, flash" (cognates: Greek phlegein "to burn, scorch," Latin flagrare "to blaze, glow, burn"), from root *bhel- (1) "to shine, flash, burn;" see bleach (v.).

The same root produced Old English blac "bright, shining, glittering, pale;" the connecting notions being, perhaps, "fire" (bright) and "burned" (dark). The usual Old English word for "black" was sweart (see swart). According to OED: "In ME. it is often doubtful whether blac, blak, blake, means 'black, dark,' or 'pale, colourless, wan, livid.' " Used of dark-skinned people in Old English.

Of coffee, first attested 1796. Meaning "fierce, terrible, wicked" is late 14c. The color of sin and sorrow since at least c. 1300; sense of "with dark purposes, malignant" emerged 1580s (as in black magic). Black face in reference to a performance style originated in U.S., is from 1868. Black flag, flown (especially by pirates) as a signal of "no mercy," from 1590s. Black dog "melancholy" attested from 1826. Black belt is from 1875 in reference to districts of the U.S. South with heaviest African population; 1870 with reference to fertility of soil; 1913 in judo sense. Black power is from 1966, associated with Stokely Carmichael.

black (v.)

c. 1200, "to become black;" early 14c., "to make black, darken;" from black (adj.). Related: Blacked; blacking.

black (n.)

Old English bl?c "the color black," also "ink," from noun use of black (adj.). From late 14c. as "dark spot in the pupil of the eye." The meaning "black person, African" is from 1620s (perhaps late 13c., and blackamoor is from 1540s). To be in the black (1922) is from the accounting practice of recording credits and balances in black ink.

For years it has been a common practice to use red ink instead of black in showing a loss or deficit on corporate books, but not until the heavy losses of 1921 did the contrast in colors come to have a widely understood meaning. ["Saturday Evening Post," July 22, 1922]

1. In "the black cat "the adjective " black "modifies the noun "cat ".

the black catというフレーズでは、形容詞 black が名詞cat.

を修飾する。Poachers have been netting salmon to supply the black market.

密猟者はマリファナを闇市場で売っている。

3.There is a plentiful supply of arms on the black market.

闇市場では大量の武器が売られている。

4.I slowly zipped and locked the heavy black nylon bags.

重い黒いナイロン袋のファスナーをゆっくりと閉めてロックします。

5.She was demurely dressed in a black woollen suit.

彼女は黒いウールのスーツを着ていて、重厚に見えた。