PIE *bhergh(2)の「高い」から。丘の上に建てられた城。映画『ロード?オブ?ザ?リング』に登場するゴンドールの壮大な城を指す。語源：burg、町。
英語の語源
borough
borough: [OE] Borough (Old English burg or burh) comes from Germanic *burgs ‘fortress’ (whence also German burg ‘castle, stronghold’). It was a derivative of the base *burg- ‘protect’ (whence also bury), a variant of *berg- (source of English barrow ‘mound’ and German berg ‘mountain’) and *borg- (source of English borrow).
At some time during the prehistoric Germanic period a progression in meaning began to take place from ‘fortress’ (which had largely died out in English by 1000), through ‘fortified town’, to simply ‘town’. Romance languages borrowed the word, giving for instance French bourg, from which English gets burgess [13] and bourgeois [16]. Burrow [13] is probably a variant form. => bourgeois, burgess, burrow, bury
borough (n.)
Old English burg, burh "a dwelling or dwellings within a fortified enclosure," from Proto-Germanic *burgs "hill fort, fortress" (cognates: Old Frisian burg "castle," Old Norse borg "wall, castle," Old High German burg, buruc "fortified place, citadel," German Burg "castle," Gothic baurgs "city"), from PIE root *bhergh- (2) "high," with derivatives referring to hills, hill forts, fortified elevations (source also of Old English beorg "hill;" see barrow (n.2)).
In German and Old Norse, chiefly as "fortress, castle;" in Gothic, "town, civic community." Meaning shifted in Middle English from "fortress," to "fortified town," to simply "town" (especially one possessing municipal organization or sending representatives to Parliament). In U.S. (originally Pennsylvania, 1718) often an incorporated town; in Alaska, however, it is the equivalent of a county. The Scottish form is burgh. The Old English dative singular byrig survives in many place names as -bury.
例文
1. The Department is inviting applications from groups within the Borough .
この部門は、本行政区内の各団体からの申し出を歓迎している。
2.Families of six or seven are the norm in Borough Park.
は、区公園の住宅地で6人または7人の家が一般的だ。
3.The borough is twined with Kasel in Germany.
この自治市はドイツのカセル市と友好都市を結成した。
4.the London borough of Westminster
ロンドンのウェストミンスター自治市
5.Oradel is a borough in Bergen County，New Jersey，United States.