bruise

• n. 擦過傷；挫傷；打撲傷
• vt.打撲する；挫傷する
• vi. 打撲する；傷つける

語源的にはbreakと同じで、打つ、叩く、壊す。

bruise

bruise: [OE] Modern English bruise is a blend of words from two sources. The main contributor is Old English brysan, which as well as ‘bruise’ meant ‘crush to pieces’, and is related to Latin frustum ‘piece broken or cut off’. But then in the early Middle English period we begin to see the influence of the unrelated Old French verb bruisier ‘break’ and its Anglo-Norman form bruser (which in modern French has become briser).

Their main effect has been on the spelling of the word, although the use of bruise for ‘break’ from the 14th to the 17th century seems to have been due to French influence too, rather than a survival of the Old English meaning: ‘Had his foot once slipped … he would have been bruised in pieces’, The most dangerous and memorable adventure of Richard Ferris 1590. Bruiser ‘large rough man’ originated in an 18th-century term for a prizefighter.
=> débris

bruise (v.)

Old English brysan "to crush, bruise, pound," from Proto-Germanic *brusjan, from PIE root *bhreu- "to smash, cut, break up" (cognates: Old Irish bronnaim "I wrong, I hurt;" Breton brezel "war," Vulgar Latin brisare "to break"). Merged by 17c. with Anglo-French bruiser "to break, smash," from Old French bruisier "to break, shatter," perhaps from Gaulish *brus-, from the same PIE root. Related: Bruised; bruising.

bruise (n.)

1540s, from bruise (v.).

1. Be sure to store them carefully as they bruise easily.

怪我をしやすいので、気をつけて保管してください。

2.How did you get that bruise on your cheek？

顔のあざはどうしたの？

3.The bruise on his stomach ached with a steady throb.

彼の腹部の擦り傷はずっと痛かった。

4.Don 't drop apples,they bruise easily.

リンゴは傷がつきやすいので、気をつけて軽くしてください。

5.The rupture of a blood vessel usually cause the mark of a bruise .

血管の突然破裂は外傷の跡を作ることが多い。