bureaucracy

• n.官僚主義、ビューロクラシー、官僚政治

官僚主義、支配。

bureaucracy (n.)

1818, from French bureaucratie, coined by French economist Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay (1712-1759) on model of democratie, aristocratie, from bureau "office," literally "desk" (see bureau) + Greek suffix -kratia denoting "power of" (see -cracy).

That vast net-work of administrative tyranny ... that system of bureaucracy, which leaves no free agent in all France, except for the man at Paris who pulls the wires. [J.S. Mill, "Westminster Review" XXVIII, 1837]

---

bureaucrat, &c. The formation is so barbarous that all attempt at self-respect in pronunciation may perhaps as well be abandoned. [Fowler]

1. People usually complain about having to deal with too much bureaucracy .

人々は、多くの煩わしい文脈に対処しなければならないと愚痴をこぼしている。

2.His firm must contend with the unwieldy Russian bureaucracy .

彼の会社はロシアの巨大な官僚機構と渡り合わなければならない。

3.They 're Making efforts to streamline their normally cumbersome bureaucracy .

彼らは本来複雑で複雑な官僚体制を簡素化しようと努力している。

4.They are faced with a mountain of bureaucracy .

彼らは多くの繁雑な文節に直面している。

5. Bureaucracy can entangle ventures for months.

官僚体制は、ベンチャー投資を何ヶ月も棚上げにする。