carbonの意味・使い方・発音

carbon

英 ['kɑːb(ə)n] 美 ['kɑrbən]

炭素。

PIE *ker「燃やす」が語源で、cremate「火葬」、hearth「囲炉裏」と語源は同じ。

carbon: carbon: [18] The notion underlying carbon is probably that of ‘burning’; it has been tentatively traced back to a base *kar- ‘fire’. The word’s immediate source was French carbone, coined in the 1780s on the basis of Latin carbō ‘coal, charcoal’ (supplementing an earlier borrowing charbon ‘coal, charcoal’). It is not certain whether char and charcoal are related to it.
carbon (n.): non-metallic element, 1789, coined 1787 in French by Lavoisier as charbone, from Latin carbonem (nominative carbo) "a coal, glowing coal; charcoal," from PIE root *ker- (4) "heat, fire, to burn" (cognates: Latin cremare "to burn;" Sanskrit kudayati "singes;" Lithuanian kuriu "to heat," kar?tas "hot," krosnis "oven;" Old Church Slavonic kurjo "to smoke," krada "fireplace, hearth;" Russian ceren "brazier;" Old High German harsta "roasting;" Gothic hauri "coal;" Old Norse hyrr "fire;" Old English heore "hearth").

Carbon 14, long-lived radioactive isotope used in dating organic deposits, is from 1936. Carbon dating (using carbon 14) is recorded from 1958. Carbon cycle is attested from 1912. Carbon footprint was in use by 2001. Carbon paper (soon to be obsolete) is from 1895.

1. In its untreated state the carbon fibre material is rather like cloth.: 元の炭素繊維材料は生地に似ている。

2.The two principal combustion products are water vapor and carbon dioxide.: 2つの主な燃焼生成物は水蒸気と二酸化炭素である。

3.In graphite sheets， carbon atoms bond together in rings.: 黒鉛層中の炭素原子は互いに結合して炭素環を形成している。

4.Mars has an insubstantial atmosphere，consisting almost entirely of carbon dioxide.: 火星の大気層は極めて希薄で、ほぼすべて二酸化炭素で構成されている。

5. Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.: 炭素化合物は酸化すると必ず二酸化炭素を発生する。