cardinal

• n. cardinal; カーディナル; 真っ赤な; [鳥](北アメリカの)メイン?カーディナル
• adj.第一の,本質的な; 真紅の

ラテン語のcardo、ヒンジ、ピボット、PIE *sker、ターン、渦巻きから、語源的にはリング、カーブと同じ。 多くの場合、他のニーモニックハートと混同される。

cardinal

cardinal: [12] The ultimate source of cardinal is Latin cardō ‘hinge’, and its underlying idea is that something of particular, or ‘cardinal’, importance is like the hinge on which all else depends. English first acquired it as a noun, direct from ecclesiastical Latin cardinālis (originally an adjective derived from cardō), which in the early church denoted simply a clergyman attached to a church, as a door is attached by hinges; it only gradually rose in dignity to refer to princes of the Roman Catholic church. The adjective reached English in the 13th century, via Old French cardinal or Latin cardinālis.

cardinal (n.)

early 12c., "one of the ecclesiastical princes who constitute the sacred college" (short for cardinalis ecclesiae Romanae or episcopus cardinalis), from Latin cardinalis "principal, chief, essential" (see cardinal (adj.)).

Ecclesiastical use began for the presbyters of the chief (cardinal) churches of Rome. The North American songbird (Cardinalis virginianus) is attested from 1670s, so named for its resemblance to the cardinals in their red robes.

cardinal (adj.)

"chief, pivotal," early 14c., from Latin cardinalis "principal, chief, essential," from cardo (genitive cardinis) "that on which something turns or depends; pole of the sky," originally "door hinge," which is of unknown origin. Related: Cardinally.

The cardinal points (1540s) are north, south, east, west. The cardinal sins (c. 1600) are too well known to require rehearsal. The cardinal virtues (c. 1300) were divided into natural (justice prudence, temperance, fortitude) and theological (faith, hope, charity). The natural ones were the original classical ones, which were amended by Christians. But typically in Middle English only the first four were counted as the cardinal virtues:

Of te uour uirtues cardinales speket moche te yealde philosofes. ["Ayenbite of Inwyt," c. 1340]

By analogy of this, and cardinal points, cardinal winds, cardinal signs (four zodiacal signs marking the equinoxes and the solstices), the adjective in Middle English acquired an association with the number four.

1. ビショップDaly said he was devastated by news of the Cardinal 's death.

デリー司教は、枢機卿の死去を聞いて驚きと悲しみを感じたと語った。

2.They were encouraged by a promise from Cardinal Winning.

ベニン枢機卿の約束に励まされた。

3.I committed the physician 's cardinal sin:I got involved with my patients.

私は医者からのタブーを犯した：患者と感情的な葛藤があった。

4. Cardinal Mescia was without doubt a singular character.

枢機卿メスキアは変人に違いない。

5.His Eminence Cardinal Hume celebrated Mass.

ヒューム枢機卿がミサを主宰した。