PIE *kes の「刻む」「切る」、さらにPIE *sek の語源で、語源的には saw の「分節」と同じ。
英語の語源
castle
castle: [11] Castle was one of the first words borrowed by the English from their Norman conquerors: it is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle only nine years after the battle of Hastings. It comes via Anglo-Norman castel from Latin castellum, a diminutive form of castrum ‘fort’ (which was acquired by Old English as ceaster, and now appears in English place-names as -caster or -chester). The Old French version of castel, chastel, produced modern French chateau, and also its derivative chatelaine, borrowed into English in the 19th century. => chateau
castle (n.)
late Old English castel "village" (this sense from a biblical usage in Vulgar Latin); later "large fortified building, stronghold," in this sense from Old North French castel (Old French chastel, 12c.; Modern French chateau), from Latin castellum "a castle, fort, citadel, stronghold; fortified village," diminutive of castrum "fort," from Proto-Italic *kastro- "part, share;" cognate with Old Irish cather, Welsh caer "town" (and perhaps related to castrare via notion of "cut off;" see caste). In early bibles, castle was used to translate Greek kome "village."
This word also had come to Old English as ceaster and formed the -caster and -chester in place names. Spanish alcazar "castle" is from Arabic al-qasr, from Latin castrum. Castles in Spain translates 14c. French chastel en Espaigne (the imaginary castles sometimes stood in Brie, Asia, or Albania) and probably reflects the hopes of landless knights to establish themselves abroad. The statement that an (English) man's home is his castle is from 16c.
castle (v.)
move in chess, recorded under this name from 1650s, from castle (n.), as an old alternative name for the rook, one of the pieces moved. Related: Castled; castling.
例文
1. He was riding on his horse looking for the castle .
彼は馬に乗ってその城を探している。
2.The Lawn Tennis Association suspended Mr Castle from the British team.
芝生テニス協会は、キャスル氏の英国チームでの職務を一時停止した。
3.The island is surmounted by a huge black castle .
島の一番高いところに巨大な黒い城がそびえている。
4.The castle is set in 25 acres of beautiful grounds.
この城は周囲25エーカーの美しい土地に位置している。
5.Damage was confined to a small portion of the castle .