cave: There are two English words cave which, despite their apparent similarity, are probably unrelated. The earlier, ‘underground chamber’ [13], comes via Old French cave from Latin cavea, a nominal use of the adjective cavus ‘hollow’ (source also of cavern [14], via Old French caverne or Latin caverna, and of cavity [16], from the late Latin derivative cavitās).
The verb cave [18], however, as in ‘cave in’, seems to come from an earlier dialectal calve ‘collapse, fall in’, once widespread in the eastern counties of England; it has been speculated that this was borrowed from a Low German source, such as Flemish inkalven. It has subsequently, of course, been much influenced by the noun cave. => cavern, cavity, decoy
cave (n.)
early 13c., from Old French cave "a cave, vault, cellar" (12c.), from Latin cavea "hollow" (place), noun use of neuter plural of adjective cavus "hollow," from PIE root *keue- "a swelling, arch, cavity" (see cumulus). Replaced Old English eorescrafu. First record of cave man is 1865.
cave (v.)
early 15c., caven, "to hollow something out," from cave (n.). Modern sense "to collapse in or down" is 1707, American English, presumably from East Anglian dialectal calve "collapse, fall in," perhaps from Flemish; subsequently influenced by cave (n.). Transitive sense by 1762. Related: Caved; caving. Figurative sense of "yield to pressure" is from 1837.
例文
1. But in some respects cave dwellers were far cleverer than us.
しかし、いくつかの点で人は私たちよりずっと頭がいい。
2.Most of the mouth of the cave was submerged in the lake.
開口部の大半は湖に水没している。
3.The force of the water washed him back into the cave .
大きな水が彼を穴に押し戻した。
4.They tried digging in a patch just below the cave .
洞窟直下の地面を掘ってみた。
5.The entrance to the cave was infilled by the landowner.