chalk: [OE] Latin calx meant broadly ‘lime, limestone’ (it probably came from Greek khálix ‘pebble’). This was borrowed in early times into the Germanic languages, and in most of them it retains this meaning (German kalk, for instance, means ‘limestone’). In English, however, it fairly soon came to be applied to a particular soft white form of limestone, namely chalk (the Old English word was cealc). The Latin word is also the source of English calculate, calcium, and causeway. => calcium, calculate, causeway
chalk (n.)
Old English cealc "chalk, lime, plaster; pebble," a West Germanic borrowing from Latin calx (2) "limestone, lime (crushed limestone), small stone," from Greek khalix "small pebble," which many trace to a PIE root for "split, break up." In most Germanic languages still with the "limestone" sense, but in English transferred to the opaque, white, soft limestone found abundantly in the south of the island. Modern spelling is from early 14c. The Latin word for "chalk" was creta, which also is of unknown origin.
chalk (v.)
1570s, "to mix with chalk;" 1590s as "to mark with chalk," from chalk (n.). Related: Chalked; chalking. Old English had cealcian "to whiten." Certain chalk marks on shipped objects meant "admitted" or "shipped free," hence some figurative senses. Chalk boards also were commonly used in keeping credit, score, etc., hence figurative use of chalk it up (1903).
例文
1. The two places，he insists，are as different as chalk and cheese.
彼はその2つの場所には天と地の差があると言い張った。
2.With a stick of chalk he wrote her order on a blackboard.
彼は彼女の指示を黒板にチョークで書いた。
3.the chalk cliffs of southern England
イングランド南部のチョーク質絶壁
4.I can 't bear the sound of chalk scraping on a blackboard.
黒板をこすったときのチョークの耳障りな音には耐えられない.
5.He filched a piece of chalk from the teacher 's desk.