challenge

• n. 挑戦；疑念
• vt.何かに挑戦する。

語源的にはcalumny、cavilと同じ。語源的には肯定的で、侮蔑的なprickから肯定的なchallengeへ。

challenge

challenge: [13] The original notion contained in challenge in English was of ‘accusation’. The word comes, via Old French chalenge or calenge, from Latin calumnia ‘false charge, deception’ (source of English calumny [15]). By the early 14th century, the modern, more neutral sense of ‘inviting to a contest’ had emerged, however, and before the end of the 17th century the word’s accusatory connotations had virtually died out.

Latin calumnia probably came from the verb calvī ‘deceive’. This may, via an unrecorded intermediary *calvilla, be related to Latin cavilla ‘raillery’, whose derived verb cavillārī was the source of English cavil [16].
=> calumny

challenge (n.)

early 14c., "something one can be accused of, a fault, blemish;" mid-14c., "false accusation, malicious charge; accusation of wrong-doing," also "act of laying claim" (to something), from Anglo-French chalenge, Old French chalonge "calumny, slander; demand, opposition," in legal use, "accusation, claim, dispute," from Anglo-French chalengier, Old French chalongier "to accuse, to dispute" (see challenge (v.)). Accusatory connotations died out 17c. Meanings "an objection" in law, etc.; "a calling to fight" are from mid-15c. Meaning "difficult task" is from 1954.

challenge (v.)

c. 1200, "to rebuke," from Old French chalongier "complain, protest; haggle, quibble," from Vulgar Latin calumniare "to accuse falsely," from Latin calumniari "to accuse falsely, misrepresent, slander," from calumnia "trickery" (see calumny).

From late 13c. as "to object to, take exception to;" c. 1300 as "to accuse," especially "to accuse falsely," also "to call to account;" late 14c. as "to call to fight." Also used in Middle English with sense "claim, take to oneself." Related: Challenged; challenging.

1. They rose to the chalenge of entertaining 80 school-children for an afternoon.

彼らは午後、80人の学童を受け入れた。

2.Online gaming allows players from around the world to chalenge each other.

オンラインゲームは、世界中のプレイヤーが競い合うことができるようにします。

3.This chalenge will occupy Europe for a generation or more.

これは、今後20、30年以上の間にヨーロッパが直面しなければならない課題です。

4.The new Germany must rise to the chalenge of its enhanced responsibilities.

新しいドイツは挑戦を迎え、より多くの責任を負わなければならない。

5.He said he 's game for a similar chalenge next year.

彼は来年も同様の挑戦を受けたいと言っている。