chancellor

• n. (ドイツ、オーストリアなどの)首相; (英)大臣; (アメリカの特定の大学の)首相; (英)首相; (米)主席判事
• n. （首相の）人名；（英）Chancellor

ラテン語のcancellus、chancellorから。元々は宮廷の入り口にある傾斜した柵の係官だったが、後に様々な部門の高官を指すようになった。marshal, generalと比較されるが、もともとは王のコーチマン。

chancellor

chancellor: [11] Etymologically, a chancellor was an attendant or porter who stood at the cancellī, or ‘lattice-work bar’, of a court in Roman times – hence the Latin term cancellārius. Over the centuries the cancellārius’s status rose to court secretary, in due course with certain legal functions. The word came into English, via Anglo-Norman canceler or chanceler, in the time of Edward the Confessor, denoting the king’s official secretary, a post which developed into that of Lord Chancellor, head of the English judiciary.

The court over which he presides, Chancery, gets its name by alteration from Middle English chancellerie, which came from an Old French derivative of chancelier ‘chancellor’. The word’s ultimate source, Latin cancellī ‘cross-bars, lattice, grating’ (a diminutive form of cancer ‘lattice’), came to be applied to the part of a church or other building separated off by such a screen: hence, via Old French, English chancel ‘part of a church containing the altar and choir’ [14].

And a metaphorical application of the notion of a lattice or bars crossing each other has given English cancel [14], via Latin cancellāre and Old French canceller, which originally meant ‘cross something out’.
=> cancel, chancel

chancellor (n.)

early 12c., from Old French chancelier (12c.), from Late Latin cancellarius "keeper of the barrier, secretary, usher of a law court," so called because he worked behind a lattice (Latin cancellus) at a basilica or law court (see chancel). In the Roman Empire, a sort of court usher; the post gradually gained importance in the Western kingdoms. A variant form, canceler, existed in Old English, from Old North French, but was replaced by this central French form.

1. The new Chancellor has the guts to push through unpopular tax increases.

新首相は人気のない増税案を推進する勇気がある。

2.They are pressing the Chancellor to reduce excise duty on beer.

彼らは首相にビールの消費税を下げるよう圧力をかけている。

3. Chancellor Helmut Kohl was the leading cheerleader for German unification.ヘルムート?コール首相はドイツ統一の主要な支持者である。

4.The Chancellor is boxed in by infration targets and sterling.

財務相はインフレ目標とポンドに辟易している。

5.This boom has been engineered by the Chancellor for short-term political reasons.

この繁栄ぶりは、首相が短期政治的利益のために入念に手配したものだ。