chauvinism

• n.排外主義; 盲目的な愛国主義

ワーテルローでの敗北後、ナポレオンの偉大さと無敵の輝きを思い起こしたナポレオン軍兵士ニコラス?ショーヴァンのフランス語の架空の名前から。

chauvinism

chauvinism: [19] Chauvinism in its original sense of ‘blind patriotism’ was coined in French from the name of one Nicholas Chauvin of Rochefort, a (possibly legendary) French soldier and veteran of Napoleon’s campaigns noted for his patriotic zeal. He was taken up and ridiculed as the type of the old soldier forever harking back to the glories of Napoleon’s times, and became widely known particularly through the play La cocarde tricolore 1831 by the brothers Cogniard, in which there occurs the line ‘Je suis fran?ais, je suis Chauvin’.

Hence French chauvinisme, which first appeared in English in 1870. The word’s more general application to an unreasoning belief in the superiority of one’s own group (particularly in the context male chauvinism) arose around 1970.

chauvinism (n.)

1840, "exaggerated, blind nationalism; patriotism degenerated into a vice," from French chauvinisme (1839), from the character Nicholas Chauvin, soldier of Napoleon's Grand Armee, notoriously attached to the Empire long after it was history, in the Cogniards' popular 1831 vaudeville "La Cocarde Tricolore." Meaning extended to "sexism" via male chauvinism (1969).

The name is a French form of Latin Calvinus and thus Calvinism and chauvinism are, etymologically, twins. The name was a common one in Napoleon's army, and if there was a real person at the base of the character in the play, he has not been certainly identified by etymologists, though memoirs of Waterloo (one published in Paris in 1822) mention "one of our principal piqueurs, named Chauvin, who had returned with Napoleon from Elba," which implies loyalty.

1. It may also appeal to the latent chauvinism of many ordinary people.

多くの一般人の心の中のシャビン主義的なコンプレックスにも迎合しているかもしれない。

2.Betty had no idea what male chauvinism was.

ベティは亭主関白とはどういうことか分からない。

3.The capitalists of our times continued vigorously to cultivate white chauvinism .

当代の資本家は引き続き白種沙文主義の育成に力を入れている。

4.People who support equal rights for women fight against male chauvinism .

男女平等を支持する人は亭主関白に反対する。

5.In stressing the American qualities inherent in American literature there is a danger of cultural chauvinism .

アメリカ文学におけるアメリカの特色を継承することを強調し、文化的なサヴァン主義を生む危険性がある。