civil

• civic; civil; 礼儀正しい; 民法のもとでの; adj.
• n. （民間の）人の名前；（トルコ語の）ジヴィエ；（フランス語の）シヴィエ

ラテン語のcivilis「市民」から、civis「市民」、PIE*kei「横たわる」「休む」、語源的にはhome「家」、city「都市」と同じ。

civil

civil: [14] Latin cīvis ‘citizen’ had two adjectival derivatives which have passed into English: cīvicus, source of civic [16], and cīvīlis, from which, via Old French, we get civil. Of its derivatives, civility [14] comes from Latin cīvīlitās, but civilize [17] and civilian [14] are French creations.
=> civilize, city

civil (adj.)

late 14c., "relating to civil law or life; pertaining to the internal affairs of a state," from Old French civil "civil, relating to civil law" (13c.) and directly from Latin civilis "relating to a citizen, relating to public life, befitting a citizen," hence by extension "popular, affable, courteous;" alternative adjectival derivation of civis "townsman" (see city).

The sense of "polite" was in classical Latin, from the courteous manners of citizens, as opposed to those of soldiers. But English did not pick up this nuance of the word until late 16c. "Courteous is thus more commonly said of superiors, civil of inferiors, since it implies or suggests the possibility of incivility or rudeness" [OED]. Civil case (as opposed to criminal) is recorded from 1610s. Civil liberty is by 1640s. Civil service is from 1772, originally in reference to the East India Company.

1. The strike has taken on overtones of a civil rights campaign.

ストは民権運動の意味を帯びている。

2.The Channel Tunnel project is the biggest civil engineering project in Europe.

イギリス海峡トンネルはヨーロッパ最大の土木工事である。

3.There are other forms of civil disorder-most notably、football hooliganism.

他にも民衆騒乱の形があり、最も有名なのはサッカーのごろつき行為だ。

4.A gentleman should always be civil ，even to his inferiors.

紳士は常に礼儀正しくなければならない。地位に自分に及ばない者に対しても。

5.The civil war is obstructing distribution of famine relief by aid agencies.

内戦は、救援機関の飢饉救済物資の配給を阻害している。