cohort: [15] Etymologically, cohort is an ‘enclosed yard’. It comes via Old French cohorte from Latin cohors, a compound noun formed from the prefix com- ‘with’ and an element hortwhich also appears in Latin hortus ‘garden’ (source of English horticulture) and is related to English garden, yard, and the second element of orchard.
From the underlying sense of ‘enclosed place’ it came to be applied to a crowd of people in such a place, and then more specifically to an infantry company in the Roman army. Its meaning has spread figuratively in English to ‘band of associates or accomplices’, whose frequent use in the plural led to the misapprehension that a single cohort was an ‘associate’ or ‘accomplice’ – a usage which emerged in American English in the mid 20th century.
The original form of the Latin word is well preserved in cohort, but it has also reached us, more thickly disguised, as court. => court, garden, horticulture, orchard, yard
cohort (n.)
early 15c., "company of soldiers," from Middle French cohorte (14c.) and directly from Latin cohortem (nominative cohors) "enclosure," meaning extended to "infantry company" in Roman army (a tenth part of a legion) through notion of "enclosed group, retinue," from com- "with" (see co-) + root akin to hortus "garden," from PIE *ghr-ti-, from root *gher- (1) "to grasp, enclose" (see yard (n.1)). Sense of "accomplice" is first recorded 1952, American English, from meaning "group united in common cause" (1719).
例文
1. She speaks for a whole cohort of young Japanese writers.
彼女はすべての日本の若手作家の代弁者である。
2.Tests were carried out by teachers on the entire cohort of eight to nine year-olds in their third year at primary school.
テストは、小学校3年生の8歳から9歳までのすべての生徒の中で先生が行います。
3.All cohort data are affected by possible selection effects.
すべての同期グループ資料は、起こりうる選択作用の影響を受けている。
4. Cohort analysis traces the subsequent vital history of such cohorts.
このような同バッチのその後の重大な歴史を遡ることができる同バッチの分析を行った。
5.Mortality rates actually increased with age in the same birth cohort .