crater: [17] Greek kratér meant ‘bowl’, or more specifically ‘mixing bowl’: it was a derivative of the base *kerā, which also produced the verb kerannúnai ‘mix’. (Crater or krater is still used in English as a technical term for the bowl or jar used by the ancient Greeks for mixing wine and water in.) Borrowed into Latin as crātēr, it came to be used metaphorically for the bowl-shaped depression at the mouth of a volcano. Its acquisition by English is first recorded in Samuel Purchas’s Pilgrimage 1619.
crater (n.)
1610s, from Latin crater, from Greek krater "bowl for mixing wine with water," from kera- "to mix," from PIE root *kere- "to mix, confuse; cook" (see rare (adj.2)). Used in Latin for bowl-shaped mouth of a volcano. Applied to features of the Moon since 1831 (they originally were thought to be volcanic). As a verb, from 1830 in poetry, 1872 in science. Related: Cratered; cratering.
例文
1. A huge crater marks the spot where the explosion happened.
巨大なバンカーは爆発が発生した場所を示している。
2.When a large object impacts the Earth，it makes a crater .
巨大な物体が地球に衝突すると、ピットが発生する。
3.With a telescope you can see the huge crater of Ve-suvius.
望遠鏡で巨大なベスビオ火口を見ることができます。
4.They came to the lip of a dead crater .
彼らはデッドクレーターに来た。
5.The crater was two miles across and roughly circular.