defile

• vt. 汚す；汚す；染める
• n. 狭い谷；峠
• vi. 隊列を組んで前進する

de-、下へ。-fil, 踏む、踏みつける、語源的にはfoil, full（すすぐ、洗う）と同じ。defileから派生。

de-、下方に、強調する。すなわち線として、空の線として、山の中の狭い道を指すのに使われる。

defile

defile: Defile ‘make dirty’ [14] and defile ‘narrow pass’ [17] are distinct words in English. The former has a rather complex history. It was originally acquired in the 13th century as defoul, borrowed from Old French defouler ‘trample down, injure’; this was a compound verb formed from the prefix de- ‘down’ and fouler ‘tread’, which in turn goes back via Vulgar Latin *fullāre to Latin fullō ‘person who cleans and thickens cloth by stamping on it’, source of English fuller [OE].

In the 14th century defoul started to turn into defile under the influence of the synonymous (and now obsolete) befile [OE], a compound verb derived ultimately from the adjective foul. Defile ‘narrow pass’ was borrowed from French défilé, originally the past participle of défiler, a compound verb based on filer ‘march in a column’ (which is a close relative of English file).
=> fuller; file

defile (v.)

c. 1400, "to desecrate, profane;" mid-15c., "to make foul or dirty," alteration of earlier defoulen, from Old French defouler "trample down, violate," also "ill-treat, dishonor," from de- "down" (see de-) + foler "to tread," from Latin fullo "person who cleans and thickens cloth by stamping on it" (see foil (v.)).

The alteration (or re-formation) in English is from influence of Middle English filen (v.) "to render foul; make unclean or impure," literal and figurative, from Old English fylen (trans.), related to Old English fulian (intrans.) "to become foul, rot," from the source of foul (adj.). Compare befoul, which also had a parallel form befilen. Related: Defiled; defiling.

defile (n.)

"narrow passage," 1640s, especially in a military sense, "a narrow passage down which troops can march only in single file," from French défilé, noun use of past participle of défiler "march by files" (17c.), from de- "off" (see de-) + file "row," from Latin filum "thread" (see file (v.1)). The verb in this sense is 1705, from French défiler.

1. The Agheila defile was kernel of the situation.

アゲイラの狭い道はグローバルなコアである。

2.The troops had to defile through the pass.

部隊は単列に並んで関門を通過するしかなかった。

3.Who are these men who defile the grassy borders of our roads and lanes.

誰が私たちの大通りと小道の両側の芝生を汚したのですか。

4.Presently this defile took a turn，and a lovely sight unfolded itself to my eyes.

間もなく、小道が曲がり、美しい景色が私の目の前に広がった。

5.Dogs defile the park.

犬は公園を汚す.