duke

• n. 公爵、（公国の）君主；桜の公爵（種
• n. （公爵）人の名前；（西洋、ロシア、スウェーデン、英語の）公爵

PIE*deuk, to lead, to leadの語源で、語源的にはconduct, conductと同じ。 騎士について使われる。

duke

duke: [12] Duke is one of a wide range of English words which come ultimately from the Latin verb dūcere ‘lead’ (see DUCT). In this case its source was the Latin derivative dux ‘leader’ (ancestor also of Italian duce, the title adopted by the 20th-century dictator Benito Mussolini), which passed into English via Old French duc. In Latin the word signified ‘military commander of a province’, and in the so-called Dark Ages it was taken up in various European languages as the term for a ‘prince ruling a small state’.

Old English never adopted it though, preferring its own word earl, and it was not until the 14th century that it was formally introduced, by Edward III, as a rank of the English peerage. Before that the word had been used in English only in the titles of foreign dukes, or (echoing the word’s etymological meaning) as a general term for ‘leader’ or ‘military commander’. The feminine form duchess [14] comes from Old French, while English has two terms for a duke’s rank or territory: the native dukedom [15], and duchy [14], borrowed from Old French duche (this came partly from medieval Latin ducātus, ultimate source of English ducat [14], a former Italian coin).
=> conduct, ducat, duchess, duchy, duct, produce

duke (n.)

early 12c., "sovereign prince," from Old French duc (12c.) and directly from Latin dux (genitive ducis) "leader, commander," in Late Latin "governor of a province," from ducere "to lead," from PIE *deuk- "to lead" (cognates: Old English togian "to pull, drag," Old High German ziohan "to pull," Old English togian "to draw, drag," Middle Welsh dygaf "I draw").

Applied in English to "nobleman of the highest rank" probably first mid-14c., ousting native earl. Also used to translate various European titles (such as Russian knyaz).

1. Duke was soundly defeated in this month 's Louisiana governor 's race.

デュークは今月のルイジアナ州知事選で大敗して帰ってきた。

2.The duke was surprised by his wife 's omision from the guest list.

公爵は、夫人が招待客の列にいないことに驚いた。

3.John Major and the Duke of Edinburgh led the mourners.

ジョン?メイジャーとエディンバラ公爵が葬列の前を歩いている。

4.Marianna，the duke 's daughter，became mute after a shock.

公爵の娘マリアンナは一度電気ショックを受けた後、声を失った。

5.The Duke resents being seen as a moneyed idler.

公爵は、財布が膨らみ、ぶらぶらしている人と見なされていることに憤慨した。