fold

• vt.折り畳む；閉じる；保持する；檻に入れる
• n. 折り目；信者；羊小屋
• vi.折り畳む；完全に失敗する

PIE*pelのfoldから。 語源はtripleのdiplomatと同じ。 sheepfoldの語源は不明。

fold

fold: [OE] The verb fold comes ultimately from the Indo-European base *pel-, which also produced Latin plicāre ‘fold’ (source of or related to English accomplice, complicated, explicit, perplex, plait, pleat, pliant, pliers, plight, ply, reply, and supple) and the final element -ple or -ble in such words as simple, double, or triple (which are hence related to the parallel Germanic formations twofold, threefold, etc).

Its Germanic descendant was *falthan, from which are descended German falten, Dutch vouwen, Danish folde, and English fold. The noun fold ‘enclosure for animals’ is of Germanic origin (Dutch has the related vaalt), but its distant antecedents are unknown.
=> accomplice, complicated, explicit, perplex, plait, pleat, pliers, plight, ply, reply, supple

fold (v.)

Old English faldan (Mercian), fealdan (West Saxon), transitive, "to bend (cloth) back over itself, wrap up, furl," class VII strong verb (past tense feold, past participle fealden), from Proto-Germanic *falthan, *faldan (cognates: Middle Dutch vouden, Dutch vouwen, Old Norse falda, Middle Low German volden, Old High German faldan, German falten, Gothic faltan).

The Germanic words are from PIE *pel-to- (cognates: Sanskrit putah "fold, pocket," Albanian pale "fold," Middle Irish alt "a joint," Lithuanian pleta "I plait"), from root *pel- (3) "to fold" (also source of Greek ploos "fold," Latin -plus).

Of the arms, from late Old English. Intransitive sense "become doubled upon itself" is from c. 1300 (of the body); earlier "give way, fail" (mid-13c.). Sense of "to yield to pressure" is from late 14c. The weak conjugation developed from 15c. Related: Folded; folding.

fold (n.1)

"pen or enclosure for sheep or other domestic animals," Old English fal?d, falud "stall, stable, cattle-pen," a general Germanic word (cognates: East Frisian folt "enclosure, dunghill," Dutch vaalt "dunghill," Danish fold "pen for sheep"), of uncertain origin. Figurative use by mid-14c.

fold (n.2)

"a bend or ply in anything," mid-13c., from fold (v.). Compare similarly formed Middle Dutch voude, Dutch vouw, Old High German falt, German Falte, Old Norse faldr.

1. But as other shops fold ，the march of the superstores continues.

しかし、他の店が次々と閉店して倒産している間も、大型スーパーの力強い拡大の勢いは衰えていない。

2. Fold the ironing board up so that it is flat.

アイロン台を折り畳んで平らにします。

3.The cost of a loaf of bread has increased five- fold .

食パン1枚の価格が4倍に上昇した。

4.The EU wanted to bring the US back into the fold .

EUは、米国を陣営に復帰させようとしている。

5.This nippy new car has fold down rear seats.

この速い新車には、倒すことができる後部座席が付いている。