forlorn

• adj.見捨てられる；絶望する；孤独

for-, 完全に. forlorn, 失う, 語源的にはloseと同じ。 もともと破滅的な、完全に失われた。絶望は英語のforlorn hope（1570年代）に由来し、希望を完全に失うこと。希望は実際にはオランダ語のhoop、army、troopが英語のheapから転訛したもの。 日本の決死隊に似ており、特攻隊であることが多い。似たような進化として、humble pieを参照。

forlorn

forlorn: [12] Forlorn began life as the past participle of Old English forlēosan ‘lose completely, forfeit, abandon’, a compound verb formed in prehistoric Germanic times from the intensive prefix *fer- and *leusan (a relative of modern English lose). It retains some of its early connotations of being ‘abandoned’, but the main modern sense ‘miserable, downcast’ developed in the 14th century.

The forlorn of forlorn hope [16], incidentally, is a translation of the related Dutch verloren ‘lost’, but hope has no etymological connection with English hope. It is simply an anglicization of Dutch hoop ‘troop, band’ (to which English heap is related). The word was originally used for a squad of soldiers sent out on a very dangerous mission, with little hope that they would return.

The modern sense ‘hopeless undertaking’ developed in the 17th century, ‘misguided hope’ probably even more recently.
=> lose

forlorn (adj.)

mid-12c., forloren "disgraced, depraved," past participle of obsolete forlesan "be deprived of, lose, abandon," from Old English forleosan "to lose, abandon, let go; destroy, ruin," from for- "completely" + leosan "to lose" (see lose). In the Mercian hymns, Latin perditionis is glossed by Old English forlorenisse. OED's examples of forlese end in 17c., but the past participle persisted. Sense of "forsaken, abandoned" is 1530s; that of "wretched, miserable" first recorded 1580s.

A common Germanic compound (cognates: Old Saxon farilosan, Old Frisian urliasa, Middle Dutch verliesen, Dutch verliezen, Old High German virliosan, German verlieren, Gothic fraliusan "to lose").

In English now often in forlorn hope (1570s), which is a partial translation of Dutch verloren hoop, in which hoop means "troop, band," literally "heap," and the sense of the whole phrase is of a suicide mission. The phrase more often than not is used in English as if it meant "a faint hope, and the misuse has colored the meaning of forlorn. Related: Forlornly; forlornness.

1. He looked a forlorn figure as he limped off after 26 minutes.

26分後に彼はびっこを引いて出てきて、寂しく見えた。

2.One of the demonstrators，a young woman，sat forlorn on the pavement.

若い女性デモ隊が一人で歩道に座っている。

3.They headed inland on a forlorn road that was rutted and pocked.

彼らは穴の窪地に轍印をつけた荒涼とした小道に沿って奥地に向かった。

4.The once glorious palaces stood empty and forlorn .

昔の金色に輝く宮殿は寂しく荒涼としていた。

5.She looked so forlorn ，standing there in the rain.

彼女は雨の中に立って、天涯孤独に見える。