gauntlet

• n. 長い手袋; 金属のガントレット（古代の兵士が着用）; 鞭打ちの罰; 十字砲火; 厳しい試練.

1.ガントレット、語源は風、巻く、編むと同じ、つまり編んだ手袋。中世では、誰かへの挑戦状は地面に投げつけられ、相手がグローブを拾えば挑戦は受け入れられた。

2. gatlopp、スウェーデン語のgatlopp、すなわち門跳びから。 もともとは軍事用語で、誰かがミスをすると、男たちの壁をくぐり抜け、仲間から鞭打ち、すなわち杖を受けなければならなかった。

gauntlet

gauntlet: The gauntlet of ‘run the gauntlet’ has no etymological connection with gauntlet ‘glove’ [15]. The latter was borrowed from Old French gantelet, a diminutive form of gant ‘glove’. This was originally a Germanic loanword, with surviving relatives in Swedish and Danish vante ‘glove’. As for ‘running the gauntlet’, it was to begin with ‘running the gantlope’, in which gantlope signified ‘two lines of people armed with sticks, who attacked someone forced to run between them’.

This was borrowed in the 17th century from Swedish gatlopp, a descendant of Old Swedish gatulop ‘passageway’; this was a compound noun formed from gata ‘way’ (related to English gate, gait) and lop ‘course’ (related to English leap and lope). Under the influence of gauntlet ‘glove’, English changed gatlopp to gantlope, and thence to gantlet (now restricted in use to an ‘overlapping section of railway track’) and gauntlet (as in ‘run the gauntlet’).
=> gait, gate, leap, lope

gauntlet (n.1)

"glove," early 15c., gantelet, from Old French gantelet (13c.) "gauntlet worn by a knight in armor," also a token of one's personality or person, and in medieval custom symbolizing a challenge, as in tendre son gantelet "throw down the gauntlet" (a sense found in English by 1540s). The Old French word is a semi-diminutive or double-diminutive of gant "glove" (12c.), earlier wantos (7c.), from Frankish *wanth-, from Proto-Germanic *wantuz "glove" (cognates: Middle Dutch want "mitten," East Frisian want, wante, Old Norse v?ttr "glove," Danish vante "mitten"), which apparently is related to Old High German wintan, Old English windan "turn around, wind" (see wind (v.)).

The name must orig. have applied to a strip of cloth wrapped about the hand to protect it from sword-blows, a frequent practice in the Icelandic sagas. [Buck]

Italian guanto, Spanish guante likewise are ultimately from Germanic. The spelling with -u- was established from 1500s.

gauntlet (n.2)

military punishment in which offender runs between rows of men who beat him in passing; see gantlet.

1. She picked up the gauntlet in her incisive Keynote Address to the Conference.

大会テーマ発言では、彼女の言葉は鋭く挑戦に応えた。

2.They have thrown down the gauntlet to the PM by demanding a referendum.

彼らは首相に挑戦し、国民投票を要求した。

3.He was not one to retreat but rather one who would take up the gauntlet .

彼は退却したい人ではなく、むしろ応戦したい人だ。

4.Luxury car firm Jaguar has thrown down the gauntlet to competitors by giving the best guarantee on the market.

リムジンメーカーのジャガー社は、市場で最も魅力的な保証サービスを提供し、競合他社に挑戦している。

5.The trucks tried to drive to the British base，running the gauntlet of marauding bands of gunmen.

トラック隊は強盗の火力網を突破して英軍基地に行こうとした。