gavel

• n. （競売人、裁判官、演説者の）小さな木製の小槌
• n. （小槌の）人名；（フランス語、スウェーデン語の）小槌

語源は不明。昔、貿易ギルドに加入するために一定の金額を支払う必要があり、そのことを知らせるために家の主人が小槌を打ったことに由来する可能性があり、giveと同じ語源である。 その後、競売人や裁判官が使う小槌を指すようになった。

gavel (n.)

"small mallet used by presiding officers at meetings," 1805, American English, of unknown origin; perhaps connected with German dialectal gaffel "brotherhood, friendly society," from Middle High German gaffel "society, guild," related to Old English gafol "tribute," giefan "to give" (see habit). But in some sources gavel also is identified as a type of mason's tool, in which case the extended meaning may be via freemasonry. As a verb, by 1887, from the noun. Old English had tabule "wooden hammer struck as a signal for assembly among monks," an extended sense of table (n.).

1. 「Let 's take a ten-minute recess 」、the judge said，pounding his gavel .

「今は10分間休廷しています。」裁判官は木槌を叩いて言った。

2.The judge rapped on the table twice with his gavel .

裁判官は彼の小木で机の上を2回たたいた。

3.The chairman rapped on the table twice with his gavel .

主席は彼の小槌で机の上を2回たたいた。

4.You can have the gavel next,but right now she 's got it.

後で発言してもいいですが、今は彼女の発言です。

5.The judge rapped on top of the table with his gavel .

判事は小槌で机を叩いた。