havoc

• n. 破壊、大混乱、荒廃
• vt.ひどく破壊する
• vi. 破壊する
• n.（大混乱）人名；（英）Havoc

ノルマン語のcrier havok、大混乱を叫ぶ、兵士に略奪を許可する合図から。語源は不明だが、おそらくラテン語のhabere、つかむ、所有する、habit、与える（古くは所有する）と同じ語源。

havoc

havoc: [15] The ancestry of havoc is a mystery, but it seems originally to have been an exclamation, probably Germanic, used as a signal to begin plundering. This was adopted into Old French as havot, which was used in the phrase crier havot ‘shout ‘havot’,’ hence ‘let loose destruction and plunder’. Havot became altered in Anglo-Norman to havok, the form in which English adopted it; and in due course cry havoc gave rise to the independent use of havoc as ‘destruction, devastation’.

havoc (n.)

early 15c., from the expression cry havoc "give the signal to pillage" (Anglo-French crier havok, late 14c.). Havok, the signal to soldiers to seize plunder, is from Old French havot "pillaging, looting" (in crier havot), which is related to haver "to seize, grasp," hef "hook," probably from a Germanic source (see hawk (n.)), or from Latin habere "to have, possess." General sense of "devastation" first recorded late 15c.

1. The sudden onset of winter caused havoc with rail and air transport.

冬の突然の降臨で鉄道と航空輸送システムが混乱した。

2.The weather played havoc with airline schedules.

天気が航空会社のフライトスケジュールを乱した。

3.Stress can wreak havoc on the immune system.

圧力は免疫系を破壊する可能性がある。

4.Drug addiction soon played havoc with his career.

麻薬中毒はすぐに彼の事業を破壊した。

5.The floods caused havoc throughout the area.

洪水は地域全体に被害をもたらした。