中英語のhavekから。語源はPIE *kap, to seizeで、have, have, capableと同じ。後に猛禽類のタカやハヤブサを指すようになった。
英語の語源
hawk
hawk: English has three current words hawk. The oldest, denoting the bird of prey [OE], comes from a prehistoric West and North Germanic *khabukaz, which also produced German habicht, Dutch havik, Swedish h?k, and Danish h?g. Hawk ‘peddle’ [16] is a back-formation from hawker. This was probably borrowed from Low German h?ker, a derivative ultimately of Middle Low German hōken ‘peddle’, which may well have been formed from the same base as produced English huckster. Hawk ‘clear the throat’ [16] probably originated as an imitation of the noise it denotes. => huckster
hawk (n.)
c. 1300, hauk, earlier havek (c. 1200), from Old English hafoc (West Saxon), heafuc (Mercian), heafoc, "hawk," from Proto-Germanic *habukaz (cognates: Old Norse haukr, Old Saxon habuc, Middle Dutch havik, Old High German habuh, German Habicht "hawk"), from a root meaning "to seize," from PIE *kap- "to grasp" (cognates: Russian kobec "a kind of falcon;" see capable). Transferred sense of "militarist" attested from 1956, probably based on its opposite, dove.
hawk (v.1)
"to sell in the open, peddle," late 15c., back-formation from hawker "itinerant vendor" (c. 1400), agent noun from Middle Low German h?ken "to peddle, carry on the back, squat," from Proto-Germanic *huk-. Related: Hawked; hawking. Despite the etymological connection with stooping under a burden on one's back, a hawker is technically distinguished from a peddler by use of a horse and cart or a van.
hawk (v.2)
"to hunt with a hawk," mid-14c., from hawk (n.).
hawk (v.3)
"to clear one's throat," 1580s, imitative.
例文
1. The hawk swooped and soared away carrying something.
その鷹は下に突進し、物を捕まえてまた羽ばたいた。
2.A hawk hovered over the hill.
小山の上空をタカが飛び回っている。
3.The hawk poised in mid-air ready to swoop.
トビは半空を旋回し、急降下の準備をしている。
4.The hawk swooped down on the rabbit and killed it.