heel

• n.ヒール
• vt.身を乗り出す
• vi. 寄りかかる
• n. （ヒール）人名；（ドイツ語）ヘール

PIE *kenkから、曲げる、回す、膝を曲げる、足を曲げる、語源的にはhock, kink, -elと同じ。踵から派生。スペルのnail,tileと比較。

heel

heel: English has two separate words heel. The one that names the rear part of the foot [OE] comes ultimately from Germanic *khangkh-, which also produced English hock ‘quadruped’s joint corresponding to the human ankle’. From it was derived *khākhil-, source of Dutch hiel, Swedish h?l, Danish h?l, and English heel. Heel ‘tilt, list’ [16] is probably descended from the Old English verb hieldan ‘incline’ (which survived dialectally into the 19th century), its -d mistaken as a past tense or past participle ending and removed to form a new infinitive. Hieldan itself came ultimately from the prehistoric Germanic adjective *khalthaz ‘inclined’.
=> hock

heel (n.1)

"back of the foot," Old English hela, from Proto-Germanic *hanhilon (cognates: Old Norse h?ll, Old Frisian hel, Dutch hiel), from PIE *kenk- (3) "heel, bend of the knee" (source also of Old English hoh "hock").

Meaning "back of a shoe or boot" is c. 1400. Down at heels (1732) refers to heels of boots or shoes worn down and the owner too poor to replace them. For Achilles' heel "only vulnerable spot" see Achilles. To "fight with (one's) heels" (fighten with heles) in Middle English meant "to run away."

heel (v.2)

"to lean to one side," in reference to a ship, Old English hieldan "incline, lean, slope," from Proto-Germanic *helthijan (cognates: Middle Dutch helden "to lean," Dutch hellen, Old Norse hallr "inclined," Old High German halda, German halde "slope, declivity"). Re-spelled 16c. from Middle English hield, probably by misinterpretation of -d as a past tense suffix.

heel (n.2)

"contemptible person," 1914 in U.S. underworld slang, originally "incompetent or worthless criminal," perhaps from a sense of "person in the lowest position" and thus from heel (n.1).

heel (v.1)

of a dog, "to follow or stop at a person's heels," 1810, from heel (n.1). Also see heeled.

1. With a snarl，the second dog made a dive for his heel .

と一緒に鳴いて、2匹目の犬が彼のかかとに飛びかかった。

2.Horton 's Achilles heel was that he could not delegate.

ホートンの弱点は、彼が権限を手放すことを知らないことにある。

3.She snagged a heel on a root and tumbled to the ground.

彼女の踵は木の根元につまずいてよろよろと地面に転んだ。

4.He simply turned on his heel and walked away.

彼は突然振り向いて立ち去った。

5.Her dog yelped and came to heel .

彼女の犬はワンと鳴き、くっついてきた。