hierarchy

• n. 階層；ヒエラルキー

hier-、聖性、修道、語源はhieraticと同じ、-arch、支配、管理、語源はarchon、無政府と同じ。元の意味は修道院支配、神権的支配、後に派生した語源は社会的階層、ヒエラルキー。

hierarchy

hierarchy: [14] Greek hierós meant ‘sacred, holy’. Combined with -arkhēs ‘ruling’ (as in English archbishop) it produced hierárkhēs ‘chief priest’. A derivative of this, hierarkhíā, passed via medieval Latin hierarchia and Old French ierarchie into Middle English as ierarchie (the modern spelling was introduced on the basis of the Latin form in the 16th century).

At first the word was used in English for the medieval categorization of angels (into cherubs and seraphs, powers and dominions, etc), and it was not until the early 17th century that it was applied to the clergy and their grades and ranks. The metaphorical use for any graded system soon followed.

hierarchy (n.)

mid-14c., from Old French ierarchie, from Medieval Latin hierarchia "ranked division of angels" (in the system of Dionysius the Areopagite), from Greek hierarkhia "rule of a high priest," from hierarkhes "high priest, leader of sacred rites," from ta hiera "the sacred rites" (neuter plural of hieros "sacred;" see ire) + arkhein "to lead, rule" (see archon). Sense of "ranked organization of persons or things" first recorded 1610s, initially of clergy, sense probably influenced by higher. Related: Hierarchal; hierarchical.

1. The principle of hierarchy does not equate to totalitarian terror.

等級制度は、原則として全体主義恐怖と同等ではない。

2.My ambition was to travel upwards in the ecclesiastical hierarchy .

私の雄心は教会の中を一歩一歩上に行くことです。

3.See how stupidly they kow-tow to persons higher in the hierarchy .

彼らが上司の言いなりになっている姿を見るのはどんなに愚かなことか。

4.She rose up the Tory hierarchy by the local government route.

彼女は地方政府のルートを通じて保守党の等級制度の中で一歩一歩昇進した。

5.There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.

その国には厳密な権力等級制度がある。