hill

• n. 丘; 丘陵; 斜面; ヒロック
• n. （丘の）人名；（フランス語、スペイン語）il；（ドイツ語、英語、ハンガリー語、チェコ語、ローマ語、フィンランド語、スウェーデン語）Hill

古英語のhyll, hillから。PIE*kel, rise, ascend, protrudeに由来し、語源的にはcolumn, culminate, excelと同じ。 その高さは正確には定義されておらず、特定もされていない。

hill

hill: [OE] The ultimate source of hill was Indo- European *kel-, *kol-, which denoted ‘height’ and also produced English column, culminate, and excellent. A derivative *kulnís produced Germanic *khulniz, which now has no surviving descendants apart from English hill, but related words for ‘hill’ or ‘mountain’ in other Indo- European language groups include French colline, Italian colle, and Spanish and Romanian colina (all from Latin collis ‘hill’), Lithuanian kálnas, and Latvian kalns.
=> column, culminate, excellent

hill (n.)

Old English hyll "hill," from Proto-Germanic *hulni- (cognates: Middle Dutch hille, Low German hull "hill," Old Norse hallr "stone," Gothic hallus "rock," Old Norse holmr "islet in a bay," Old English holm "rising land, island"), from PIE root *kel- (4) "to rise, be elevated, be prominent; hill" (cognates: Sanskrit kutam "top, skull;" Latin collis "hill," columna "projecting object," culmen "top, summit," cellere "raise," celsus "high;" Greek kolonos "hill," kolophon "summit;" Lithuanian kalnas "mountain," kalnelis "hill," kelti "raise"). Formerly including mountains, now usually confined to heights under 2,000 feet.

In Great Britain heights under 2,000 feet are generally called hills; 'mountain' being confined to the greater elevations of the Lake District, of North Wales, and of the Scottish Highlands; but, in India, ranges of 5,000 and even 10,000 feet are commonly called 'hills,' in contrast with the Himalaya Mountains, many peaks of which rise beyond 20,000 feet. [OED]

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The term mountain is very loosely used. It commonly means any unusual elevation. In New England and central New York, elevations of from one to two thousand feet are called hills, but on the plains of Texas, a hill of a few hundred feet is called a mountain. [Ralph S. Tarr, "Elementary Geology," Macmillan, 1903]

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Despite the differences in defining mountain systems, Penck (1896), Supan (1911) and Obst (1914) agreed that the distinction between hills, mountains, and mountain systems according to areal extent or height is not a suitable classification. ["Geographic Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology," 2004]

Phrase over the hill "past one's prime" is first recorded 1950.

1. A girl in a red smock tripped down the hill .

赤いブラウスを着た女の子が軽快な足取りで山を下ってきた。

2.He closed his door and started the quarter-mile walk down the hill .

彼はドアを閉め、1/4マイルの下山路を歩いた。

3.He turned his back on them and stomped off up the hill .

彼は彼らを相手にしないふりをして、トコトコと山に登った。

4.This policy had repeatedly come under strong criticism on Capitol Hill .

この政策は米国議会でしばしば強く批判されている。

5.The Newton Hotel is halfway up a steep hill .

リドンホテルは険しい山の中腹に位置している。