hock

• n. 質料、[貿易]質料; 肘関節
• vt. [貿易]質権
• n.(ホック)人名;(東南アジア諸国の中国語で)フー;(ドイツ語、英語、ハンガリー語で)ホック

PIE*kenk、膝の曲げ伸ばし、かかと、語源的には踵と同じ。

オランダ語の hok, 刑務所、フェンス、犬小屋から。オランダ語のhok、牢獄、フェンス、犬小屋から。 借金から派生し、後に質、抵当権の意味に使われる。

hock

hock: English has three words hock. The oldest, ‘joint of a quadruped corresponding to the human ankle’ [16], is short for an earlier hockshin, which comes from Old English hōhsinu. This meant literally ‘heel-sinew’, and the hōh came from the same prehistoric Germanic source as produced modern English heel. In its original sense it can also be spelled hough, but for ‘joint of bacon’, first recorded in the 18th century, hock is the only spelling. Hock ‘Rhinewine’ [17] is short for an earlier hockamore, an anglicization of Hochheimer (Hochheim, on the river Main, is a centre of German wine production). Hock ‘pawn, debt’ [19] comes from Dutch hok ‘prison’, hence ‘debt’; it was introduced to English by Dutch immigrants in the USA.

The -hock of hollyhock, incidentally, comes from Old English hoc ‘mallow’ (and the holly- is an alteration of holy, and has no connection with holly).
=> heel

hock (n.1)

"joint in the hind leg of a horse," mid-15c., earlier hockshin (late 14c.), from Old English hohsinu "sinew of the heel, Achilles' tendon," literally "heel sinew," from hoh "heel," from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (cognates: German Hachse "hock," Old English h?la "heel"), from PIE *kenk- (3) "heel, bend of the knee."

hock (n.2)

"Rhenish wine," 1620s, shortening of Hockamore, from German Hochheimer, "(wine) of Hochheim," town on the Main where wine was made; sense extended to German white wines in general.

hock (n.3)

"pawn, debt," 1859, American English, in hock, which meant both "in debt" and "in prison," from Dutch hok "jail, pen, doghouse, hutch, hovel." The verb is 1878, from the noun.

When one gambler is caught by another, smarter than himself, and is beat, then he is in hock. Men are only caught, or put in hock, on the race-tracks, or on the steamboats down South. ... Among thieves a man is in hock when he is in prison. [G.W. Matsell, "Vocabulum," 1859]

1. Even company directors on ￡100,000 a year can be deeply in hock to the banks.

年収10万ポンドの会社役員でも銀行に多くの借金がある可能性がある。<／

2.It is almost impossible for the prime minister to stand above the factions.He always seems in hock to one or another.

総理が各派閥の影響を受けないようにすることはほとんど不可能です。彼はいつもある派を牽制しているようだ。

3.It was spring，and our padded clothes had just been placed in hock .

これは春で、私たちの綿入れは脱いだばかりで質屋になった。dd>
漢英文学-中国現代小説から

4.Place bandage several inches below the horse 's knee or hock to begin.

馬の前膝または足関節の下の数英尺で足を縛るようになりました。

5.The company was heavely in hock to the banks.

この会社は銀行から多額の借金を抱えている。