ill

• adj.病弱な; 悪い; 邪悪な; 不運な
• adv.不利に; 悪く; ほとんど
• n. 病気；不幸
• n.（イル）人の名前；（チェコ語、ハンガリー語）イル

中英語のille（邪悪な、不道徳な）から、PIE*elk（傷、膿疱）に由来し、語源的にはulcus（潰瘍性）と同じ。最終的には、語源的な病気の意味に戻る。

ill

ill: [12] ‘Sick’ is not the original meaning of ill. To start with it meant ‘bad’ (a sense which survives, of course, in contexts such as ‘ill-will’, ‘illmannered’, etc), and ‘sick’ did not come on the scene until the 15th century. The word was borrowed from Old Norse illr, which is something of a mystery: it has other modern descendants in Swedish illa and Danish ilde ‘badly’, but its other relations are highly dubious (Irish olc has been compared) and no one knows where it originally came from. The sense ‘sick’ was probably inspired by an impersonal usage in Old Norse which meant literally ‘it is bad to me’.
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ill (adj.)

c. 1200, "morally evil" (other 13c. senses were "malevolent, hurtful, unfortunate, difficult"), from Old Norse illr "ill, bad," of unknown origin. Not considered to be related to evil. Main modern sense of "sick, unhealthy, unwell" is first recorded mid-15c., probably related to Old Norse idiom "it is bad to me." Slang inverted sense of "very good, cool" is 1980s. As a noun, "something evil," from mid-13c.

ill (v.)

early 13c., "to do evil to," from ill (adj.). Meaing "to speak disparagingly" is from 1520s. Related: Illed; illing.

ill (adv.)

c. 1200, "wickedly; with hostility;" see ill (adj.). Meaning "not well, poorly" is from c. 1300. It generally has not shifted to the realm of physical sickess, as the adjective has done. Ill-fated recorded from 1710; ill-informed from 1824; ill-tempered from c. 1600; ill-starred from c. 1600. Generally contrasted with well, hence the useful, but now obsolete or obscure illcome (1570s), illfare (c. 1300), and illth.

1. 「I 'm afraid he 's ill ."-"I 'm sorry to hear that."

「おそらく彼は病気です。」-「残念です。」

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2.Her daughters visited him from time to time when he was ill .

彼が病気になったとき、彼女の娘たちはよく見舞いに行った。

3.She was so ill that she was put on a respirator.

彼女は病気がひどく、人工呼吸器をつけられた。

4.An employer can demand written certification that the relative is really ill .

雇用主は、従業員の身内が病気であることを証明するための書面証明書を要求することができる。

5.These various complaints are part of a continuum of ill -health.

これらの様々な病気、不調は健康状態が良くないことの表れである。