incumbent

• adj.現職の; 従属する; 義務を負う
• n. 現職の; 現在の; 聖職者

in-,into,作る, on, -cumb,横たわる, incubate,succumbと語源的には同じ。

incumbent (n.)

early 15c., "person holding a church position," from Medieval Latin incumbentem (nominative incumbens) "holder of a church position," noun use of present participle of incumbere "to obtain or possess," from Latin incumbere "recline on," figuratively "apply oneself to," from in- "on" (see in- (2)) + -cumbere "lie down," related to cubare "to lie" (see cubicle). Extended to holders of any office from 1670s.

incumbent (adj.)

1560s, in relation to duties or obligations, from Latin incumbentem (nominative incumbens), present participle of incumbere (see incumbent (n.)). The literal, physical sense is rare in English and first attested 1620s.

1. It is incumbent upon all of us to make an extra effort.

私たちはすべての人がもっと努力しなければなりません。

2.the present incumbent of the White House

現職アメリカ大統領

3.He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.

彼は現職知事を圧倒的多数票で破った。

4.The old man is an incumbent .

その老人は教区牧師だった。

5.It is incumbent upon us to do so.

このようにするのは私たちの責任です。