jowl: English has two words jowl, which are quite close together in meaning but are etymologically unrelated. The older, which means ‘jaw’, goes back ultimately to Old English ceafl. It is now encountered virtually only in the expression ‘cheek by jowl’. Jowl ‘flesh around the throat’ (now usually used in the plural) first appears in the 16th century. It may well be a development of Middle English cholle, which in turn probably goes back to Old English ceole ‘throat’ (a relative of German kehle ‘throat’).
jowl (n.1)
"jaw," 1570s, alteration of Middle English chawl (late 14c.), chavel (early 14c.), from Old English ceafl, from Proto-Germanic *kefalaz (cognates: Middle High German kiver, German kiefer, Old Norse kjoptr "jaw," Danish k?ft, Flemish kavel, Dutch kevel "gum"), from PIE *gep(h)- "jaw, mouth" (cognates: Old Irish gop, Irish gob "beak, mouth"). The change from ch- to j- has not been explained.
jowl (n.2)
"fold of flesh under the jaw," 1590s, alteration of Middle English cholle "fold of flesh hanging from the jaw" (c. 1300), perhaps from Old English ceole "throat," from PIE root *gwele- (3) "to swallow" (see glut (v.)). This word and jowl (n.1) influenced one another in form and sense.
例文
1. She has to live cheek by jowl with oiks，people with tattoos and stolen videos.
彼女は文体が刺さっていて、ビデオディスクを盗んだ大男と隣り合わせにならなければならなかった。
2.She and her family have to live cheek by jowl with these people.
彼女と家族は彼らの隣に住んでいなければならなかった。
3.It was incongruous to see a thief sitting there cheek by jowl with the policeman.
同じ泥棒の警察官が親切に座っているのは違和感がある。
4.My house stands cheek by jowl with hers.
私の家は彼女の家と隣接しています。
5.We 'll never get through that crowd of people ; they 're packed in there cheek and jowl .