jubilee

• n.（ユダヤ人の歴史）50年目（ヘブライ人奴隷の解放を記念して50年ごとに祝われる）；恩赦の年（25年ごとのカトリック）；喜ばしい祭り、喜ばしい祝日；重要な記念日

ギリシア語のiobelos、ヘブライ語のyobhel、ヤギ、雄羊の角、偉大な記念日から。

もともとは、ユダヤ教の50年ごと、つまり7年ごとの大周期の年のことを指し、7周期の後の大周期の年には、神との和解や罪の償いのしるしとして、人々は山羊の角を吹き、奴隷は解放され、土地は休耕されたり再分配されたりした。ヘブライ語の語源は、実はインド?ヨーロッパ語族のPIE*yu（喜びの叫び、叫び）から借用したもので、語源はjubilantと同じであると主張する学者もいる。

jubilee

jubilee: [14] Despite their similarity, jubilee has no etymological connection with jubilation [14] and jubilant [17]; but they have exerted a considerable influence on it over the centuries. It was originally a Hebrew word: Hebrew yōbhēl meant ‘leading animal, ram’, and by extension ‘ram’s horn’, and since a ram’s horn was blown to announce the start of a special year (set aside once every fifty years according to ancient Hebrew law) in which slaves were freed, land left untilled, etc, the term yōbēl came to be used for the year itself.

Greek took it over as ióbēlos and formed an adjective from it, iōbēlaios. This was passed on to Latin, and it was here that jubilation took a hand. Latin jūbilāre (source of English jubilation) originally meant simply ‘call out’, but early Christian writers used it for ‘shout for joy’. Under its influence Greek iōbēlaios became Latin jūbilaeus, which was used in the expression annus jūbilaeus to denote this special Jewish year.

It soon came to be used as a noun in its own right, and in this role passed via Old French jubile into English. By this time the ideas of ‘fifty years’ and ‘joy, celebration’ had mingled to such an extent that the word was being used for a ‘fiftieth anniversary’ or its celebration, a sense which remained current until the early 20th century (in present-day English it means simply ‘anniversary’, usually of a monarch’s accession, and the period involved has to be defined by golden, silver, etc).

jubilee (n.)

late 14c., in the Old Testament sense, from Old French jubileu "jubille; anniversary; rejoicing," from Late Latin jubilaeus "the jubilee year," originally an adjective, "of the jubilee," altered (by association with Latin jubilare "to shout with joy") from Greek iabelaios, from iobelos, from Hebrew yobhel "jubilee," formerly "a trumpet, ram's horn," literally "ram."

The original notion was of a year of emancipation of slaves and restoration of lands, to be celebrated every 50th year (Levit. xxv:9); it was proclaimed by the sounding of a ram's horn on the Day of Atonement. The Catholic Church sense of "a period for remission of sin penalties in exchange for pilgrimages, alms, etc." was begun in 1300 by Boniface VIII. The general sense of "season of rejoicing" is first recorded mid-15c., though through early 20c. the word kept its specific association with 50th anniversaries. As a type of African-American folk song, it is attested from 1872.

1. She arrived in St Ives to celebrate the Queen 's Silver Jubilee .

彼女は女王の即位25周年を祝うためにサンエイフスに到着した。

2.The company is celebrating its golden jubilee .

この会社は50周年の式典を行っている。

3.Queen Victoria 's Golden Jubilee celebrations

ヴィクトリア女王即位50周年記念式典

4.the silver jublee of the Queen 's accession

女王即位25周年大慶

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5.They had a big jubilee to celebrate the victory.

彼らは勝利を祝うために盛大な周年記念行事を行った。