judge: [13] Etymologically, a judge is someone who ‘speaks the law’. The word comes via Old French juge from Latin jūdex, which was originally a compound noun made up of jūs ‘law’ and the element -dicus ‘speaking’ (related to English diction, dictionary, etc). Parallel formations to have reached English are juridical [16] and jurisdiction [13], while derivatives of jūdex itself include judicature [16], judicial [14], judiciary [16], and judicious [16]. => diction, dictionary, judicious, jury, just
judge (v.)
c. 1300, "to form an opinion about; make a decision," also "to try and pronounce sentence upon (someone) in a court," from Anglo-French juger, Old French jugier "to judge, pronounce judgment; pass an opinion on," from Latin iudicare "to judge, to examine officially; form an opinion upon; pronounce judgment," from iudicem (nominative iudex) "a judge," a compound of ius "right, law" (see just (adj.)) + root of dicere "to say" (see diction). Related: Judged; judging. From mid-14c. as "to regard, consider." The Old English word was deman (see doom). Spelling with -dg- emerged mid-15c.
judge (n.)
mid-14c. (early 13c. as a surname), also judge-man; see judge (v.). In Hebrew history, it refers to a war leader vested with temporary power (as in Book of Judges), from Latin iudex being used to translate Hebrew shophet.
例文
1. He stood emotionless as heard the judge pass sentence.
彼は無表情にそこに立って、裁判官の判決を聞いた。
2.I gather his report is highly critical of the trial judge .
私の知る限りでは、彼は記事の中で容赦なく初審裁判官を批判した。
3.The judge called the decision "a flagrant violation of international law "
裁判官は、この決定を「国際法に対する公然とした違反」と述べた。
4.The defence counsel warned that the judge should stop the trial.
被告弁護士は、裁判官が休廷すべきだと強くアドバイスした。
5.There was pandemonium in court as the judge gave his summing-up.