keep

• vt.飼育する；運営する；観察する；繁殖させる。
• vi. 維持する；継続する
• n. 維持する；存続する；生活する
• n. （キープする）人の名前；（英）Kip.

古英語のcepan「つかむ、保持する、保つ、観察する」から、原語ゲルマン語*kopijan「見る、見つめる」から、PIE*gab「世話をする、見守る」から。hold, beholdと比較される。

keep

keep: [OE] For all that it is one of the commonest verbs in the language, remarkably little is known about the history of keep. It first appears in texts around the year 1000. It is assumed to have existed before then, but not to have belonged to a sufficiently ‘literary’ level of the language to have been written down. Nor has a link been established for certain with any words in other Germanic languages, although suggestions that have been put forward include Old High German kuofa ‘barrel’ (a relative of English coop), from the notion of its being something for ‘keeping’ things in, and also (since in the late Old English period keep was used for ‘watch’) Old Norse kópa ‘stare’.

keep (v.)

late Old English cepan "to seize, hold," also "to observe," from Proto-Germanic *kopijan, but with no certain connection to other languages. It possibly is related to Old English capian "to look," from Proto-Germanic *kap- (cepan was used c. 1000 to render Latin observare), which would make the basic sense "to keep an eye on."

The word prob. belongs primarily to the vulgar and non-literary stratum of the language; but it comes up suddenly into literary use c. 1000, and that in many senses, indicating considerable previous development. [OED]

Sense of "preserve, maintain" is from mid-14c. Meaning "to maintain in proper order" is from 1550s; meaning "financially support and privately control" (usually in reference to mistresses) is from 1540s. Related: Kept; keeping.

keep (n.)

mid-13c., "care or heed in watching," from keep (v.). Meaning "innermost stronghold of a tower" is from 1580s, perhaps a translation of Italian tenazza, with a notion of "that which keeps" (someone or something); the sense of "food required to keep a person or animal" is attested from 1801. For keeps "completely, for good" is American English colloquial, from 1861.

1. Remember, keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.

楽観的な心理状態を保つと、良いことが自然に起こることを覚えておいてください。

米ドラマ『モダン?ファミリー』

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2.A fellow doesn 't last long on what he has done.He 's got to keep on delivering as he goes along.--Carl Hubbell，Baseball Player

過去に完成したものでは成功を収めることができず、道で成績を出し続けなければならない。dd>
毎日一言

3.Llewelyn was mounting the stairs up into the keep .

ルエリンは階段を登り、城の本館に入った。

4.When you are sitting， keep your elbow on the arm rest.

座ったとき、肘を手すりに当てます。

5.It 's a constant struggle to try to keep them up to par.

彼らを達成させるには、絶えず努力する必要があります。