knot

• n. （ロープなどの）結び目; 結び目のある腫瘍; 結び目; 海里／時（速度の単位）
• vt.結び目を作る
• vi. 結び目を作る
• n. （結び目）人の名前；（英）Nott.

語源古英語のcnottaから、原ゲルマン語の*knuttanから、おそらく最終的にはPIE *nodから、結ぶ、編む、結び目、語源的にはnet、node、newelと同じ。結び目は、木のブロックをロープの端に結びつけ、同じ長さになるように結んだ時代に由来し、結び目を数えることで航海の速度を計算し、航海速度の単位となった。ログ（log）を参照。

knot

knot: [OE] The word knot goes back ultimately to a prehistoric Germanic *knūdn-, whose underlying meaning was ‘round lump’. This only emerged in the English word (in such senses as ‘point from which a branch has grown’) in the Middle English period, but it can be seen in knoll [OE], which is a derivative of the same base (the related German knolle means ‘lump’). Knob [14] may be related too, although this has never been conclusively demonstrated.

The Germanic form diversified into English and Dutch knot, German knoten, Swedish knut, and Danish knode (whose Old Norse ancestor knútr was borrowed into Russian as knut ‘whip’, acquired by English as knout [18]). Knit [OE], which originally meant ‘tie in knots’, was derived in prehistoric West Germanic from knot.
=> knit

knot (n.)

Old English cnotta "intertwining of ropes, cords, etc.," from Proto-Germanic *knuttan- (cognates: Low German knütte, Old Frisian knotta "knot," Dutch knot, Old High German knoto, German Knoten, perhaps also Old Norse knutr "knot, knob"). Figurative sense of "difficult problem" was in Old English (compare Gordian knot). Symbolic of the bond of wedlock, early 13c. As an ornament of dress, first attested c. 1400. Meaning "thickened part or protuberance on tissue of a plant" is from late 14c.

The nautical unit of measure of speed (1630s) is from the practice of attaching knotted string to the log line. The ship's speed can be measured by the number of knots that play out while the sand glass is running.

The distance between the knots on the log-line should contain 1/120 of a mile, supposing the glass to run exactly half a minute. [Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa, "A Voyage to South America" 1760]

Hence the word knot came also to be used as the equivalent of a nautical mile (in pre-WWII use in U.S. and Britain, 6,080 feet). A speed of 10 knots will cover ten nautical miles in an hour (equivalent to a land speed of about 11.5 mph).

knot (v.)

"to tie in a knot," mid-15c., from knot (n.). Related: Knotted (late 12c.), knotting.

1. She wore a checked shirt tied in a knot above the navel.

彼女はチェックのシャツを着て、へその上に角が結び目を作った。

2.Len tied the knot with Kate five years ago.

ライアンは5年前にケイトと結婚した。

3.There was a knot of tension in his stomach.

彼は緊張して胸が締め付けられた。

4.The crew are in serious trouble in 50- knot winds and huge seas.

船員たちは50ノットの大風と滔天の大波の中で苦境に陥っている。

5.She tied a knot in her scarf.

彼女はマフラーを結び付けた。