mandarin

• n. （中国語）普通話; 北京語; 公用語; 満州語; 柑橘類
• adj. 緊身马衣的

ポルトガル語 mandarim, 中国の役人(1580), マレー語 mantri, 最終的にはサンスクリット語 mantra, カウンセラー, 助言, PIE*men, 思考, 思索, マインド, マニアと語源は同じ.後に北京語を意味する言葉となった。中国語の満州語から来たという一般的な語源は、100年近い時差があり、成り立たない。

mandarin

mandarin: [16] Although it refers to a Chinese official, mandarin is not a Chinese word. Sanskrit mantrin meant ‘counsellor’ (it was a derivative of mantra ‘counsel’, which itself was based on man ‘think’, a distant relative of English mind). Its Hindi descendant mantrī passed into English via Malay m?teri and Portuguese mandarin. The word’s application to a variety of small loose-skinned orange, which dates in English from the 19th century, was inspired by the yellow robes worn by mandarins.
=> mind

mandarin (n.)

"Chinese official," 1580s, via Portuguese mandarim or older Dutch mandorijn from Malay mantri, from Hindi mantri "councilor, minister of state," from Sanskrit mantri, nominative of mantrin- "advisor," from mantra "counsel," from PIE root *men- "to think" (see mind (n.)).

Form influenced in Portuguese by mandar "to command, order." Used generically for the several grades of Chinese officials; sense of "chief dialect of Chinese" (spoken by officials and educated people) is from c. 1600. Transferred sense of "important person" attested by 1907. The type of small, deep-colored orange so called from 1771, from resemblance of its color to that of robes worn by mandarins.

1. Measures are taken to battle rising mandarin crime.

役人の間で上昇している犯罪行為を取り締まるための措置が取られている。

2. Mandarin Chinese has four tones.

中国語には四声がある。dd>

3.I speak the Shanghai dialect and the Mandarin .

私は上海語、共通語を話すことができます。

4.It was not long before he spoke Mandarin ，with a trace of the soft Soochow tones.

間もなく、彼は北京語を話し、甘いシルクの蘇州音を持っていた。

5.Chinese immigrants should count their Blessings if their children could speak Mandarin .

移民の子供たちは、中国語が話せるのは幸いだ。