melancholy

• adj.メランコリック; 悲しくなる
• n.メランコリー; 悲しみ; 悲しい思い

ラテン語のmelancholiaから、ギリシャ語のmalankholia、黒胆汁の過剰分泌、メランコリー、悲しみ、melas、黒、語源的にはメラニンと同じ、khole、胆汁、語源的には胆汁と同じ。 古代の概念では、人間のメランコリー、悲しみなどは、黒胆汁の過剰分泌によるものであった。ユーモア、ユーモア、ユーモアの教義を参照。

melancholy

melancholy: [14] Etymologically, melancholy means ‘black gall’. The word comes via Old French melancolie and late Latin melancholia from Greek melagkholíā, a compound formed from mélās ‘black’ (source also of English melanin [19] and melanoma [19]) and kholé ‘bile’ (a relative of English gall). This ‘black bile’ was one of the four bodily substances or ‘humours’ whose relative preponderance, according to medieval medical theory, determined a person’s physical and mental state. Excess of black bile was thought to cause depression – hence the modern meaning of melancholy.
=> gall, melanoma

melancholy (n.)

c. 1300, "condition characterized by sullenness, gloom, irritability," from Old French melancolie "black bile, ill disposition, anger, annoyance" (13c.), from Late Latin melancholia, from Greek melankholia "sadness," literally (excess of) "black bile," from melas (genitive melanos) "black" (see melanin) + khole "bile" (see Chloe). Medieval physiology attributed depression to excess of "black bile," a secretion of the spleen and one of the body's four "humors."

The Latin word also is the source of Spanish melancolia, Italian melancolia, German Melancholie, Danish melankoli, etc. Old French variant malencolie (also in Middle English) is by false association with mal "sickness."

melancholy (adj.)

late 14c., "with or caused by black bile; sullen, gloomy, sad," from melancholy (n.); sense of "deplorable" (of a fact or state of things) is from 1710.

1. He fixed me with those luminous，empty eyes and his melancholy smile.

彼は笑顔で憂鬱そうに私を見つめていた。キラキラした目には何もなかった。

2.The general watched the process with an air of melancholy .

将軍は憂鬱そうに行列を眺めていた。

3. Melancholy and mistrust of men hold her back.

憂鬱な性格と男への不信が彼女を足踏みさせた。

4.A mood of melancholy descended on us.

悲しい気持ちが私たちの心を襲った。

5.All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy .

彼はすぐに果てしない悲しみに陥った。