monk

• n. 修道士、修道院長；僧侶
• n. （僧侶の）人名；（カンボジア語の）モンク；（ドイツ語、フランス語、英語の）モンク

ギリシャ語のmonas, singleから、語源的にはmonad, monasteryと同じ。つまり、一人で生活する者で、修道士、僧侶、修行僧などに使われる。

monk

monk: [OE] Etymologically, a monk is someone who lives ‘alone’. The word comes ultimately from late Greek mónachos ‘solitary person, hermit’, which was derived from Greek mónos ‘alone’ (source of the English prefix mono-). It passed into late Latin as monachus (by which time it had come to denote ‘monk’), and eventually found its way to Old English as munuc – whence modern English monk.

Another derivative of Greek mónos was monázein ‘live alone’. On this was based late Greek monastérion, whose late Latin form monastērium has been acquired by English in two distinct phases: first in the Anglo-Saxon period as mynster, which has given modern English minster [OE], and then in the 15th century as monastery.
=> minster, monastery

monk (n.)

Old English munuc "monk" (used also of women), from Proto-Germanic *muniko- (cognates: Old Frisian munek, Middle Dutch monic, Old High German munih, German M?nch), an early borrowing from Vulgar Latin *monicus (source of French moine, Spanish monje, Italian monaco), from Late Latin monachus "monk," originally "religious hermit," from Ecclesiastical Greek monakhos "monk," noun use of a classical Greek adjective meaning "solitary," from monos "alone" (see mono-). For substitution of -o- for -u-, see come.

In England, before the Reformation, the term was not applied to the members of the mendicant orders, who were always called friars. From the 16th c. to the 19th c., however, it was usual to speak of the friars as a class of monks. In recent times the distinction between the terms has been carefully observed by well-informed writers. In French and Ger. the equivalent of monk is applied equally to 'monks' and 'friars.' [OED]

1. He became a fully ordained monk at the age of 20.

彼は20歳の時に正式な修道士になった。

2.The man was a monk from Emei Mountain.

あの人は峨眉山から下りてきた和尚さんです。

3.Budddhist monk sat with folded palms.

和尚さんが合掌して座禅を組む。

4.He disguised himself as a monk .

僧侶に扮した。

5.He shaved his head and became a monk .

彼は僧に剃髪した。