mortar: [13] Latin mortārium, a word of unknown origin, denoted both a ‘bowl for grinding’ and, by extension, the ‘substance made in such a bowl’. These twin meanings survived through Anglo-Norman morter into modern English mortar as the ‘bowl used with a pestle’ and a ‘building mixture of cement, sand, and water’. The shape of the former led in the 17th century to the word’s application to a ‘short cannon’. The use of mortarboard for a ‘square flat academic cap’ dates from the mid-19th century.
mortar (n.1)
"mixture of cement," late 13c., from Old French mortier "builder's mortar, plaster; bowl for mixing" (13c.), from Latin mortarium "mortar," also "crushed drugs," probably the same word as mortarium "bowl for mixing or pounding" (see mortar (n.2)). Dutch mortel, German M?rtel are from Latin or French.
mortar (n.2)
"bowl for pounding," c. 1300, from Old French mortier "bowl; builder's mortar," from Latin mortarium "bowl for mixing or pounding," also "material prepared in it," of unknown origin and impossible now to determine which sense was original (Watkins says probably from PIE root *mer- "to rub away, harm;" see morbid). Late Old English had mortere, from the same Latin source, which might also be a source of the modern word. German M?rser also is from Latin.
mortar (n.3)
"short cannon" fired at a high angle and meant to secure a vertical fall of the projectile, 1550s, originally mortar-piece, from Middle French mortier "short cannon," in Old French, "bowl for mixing or pounding" (see mortar (n.2)). So called for its shape.
例文
1. Three mortar shells had landed close to a crowd of people.
3発の迫撃砲弾が群衆のそばに落ちた。
2.As an investment,bricks and mortar are not what they were.
投資として、不動産は昔の意味での不動産ではありません。
3.The 120 mm mortar has a range of 18000 yards.
口径120 mmの迫撃砲の射程は1.8万ヤードである。
4.Using a pestle and mortar ，pulverise the bran to a coarse powder.
杵と臼で、ふすまを粗粉にする。
5.We now need funding to turn the plans into bricks and mortar .