municipal

• adj.自治体、市町村；地方自治

ラテン語のmuniceps「市民」、municipalityの「市民」、munus「共通の義務」、「共通の責任」、「相互に与える」、「贈与」、PIE*mei「交換する」、「変化する」、語源はcommon「共通の」、mutual「相互に」、-cep「引き受ける」、語源はcapable「可能な」、accept「受け入れる」と同じ。もともとは、古代ローマにおいて、ローマ市民の特権を享受しながらも、独自の法律に従って統治されていた特別な自治都市を指す言葉であった。この言葉はもともと、ローマ市民の特権を享受しながらも、独自の法律によって統治されていた特別な自治都市を指していた。

municipal

municipal: [16] Latin mūnus meant ‘office, duty, gift’. Combined with -ceps ‘taker’ (a derivative of the verb capere ‘take’, source of English capture) it formed mūniceps, which denoted a ‘citizen of a Roman city (known as a mūnicipium) whose inhabitants had Roman citizenship but could not be magistrates’. From mūnicipium was derived the adjective mūnicipālis, source of English municipal; this was originally used for ‘of the internal affairs of a state, domestic’, and the modern application to the sphere of local government did not emerge strongly until the 19th century.

The stem of Latin mūnus also crops up in commūnis (source of English common), and so community and municipality are etymologically related. Mūnus in the later sense ‘gift’ formed the basis of the Latin adjective mūnificus ‘giving gifts’, hence ‘generous’, from which ultimately English gets munificent [16].
=> capture, common

municipal (adj.)

1540s, from Middle French municipal, from Latin municipalis "of a citizen of a free town, of a free town," also "of a petty town, provincial," from municipium "free town, city whose citizens have the privileges of Roman citizens but are governed by their own laws," from municeps "citizen, inhabitant of a free town." Second element is root of capere "assume, take" (see capable). First element is from munus (plural munia) "service performed for the community, duty, work," also "public spectacle paid for by the magistrate, (gladiatorial) entertainment, gift," from Old Latin moenus "service, duty, burden," from PIE *moi-n-es-, generally taken as a suffixed form of root *mei- (1) "to change, go, move" (Watkins; see mutable); but Tucker says "more probably" from the other PIE root *mei- meaning "bind," so that munia = "obligations" and communis = "bound together."

1. The deco was reminiscent of a municipal arts-and-leisure centre.

この配置は、都会のアート?レジャー?センターを思い出させる。

2.The municipal authorities have kept the roads up well.

市政当局は道路をよく手入れしている。

3.The city is planning to build a municipal library.

市は市立図書館を建設する計画だ。

4.He works in the municipal government.

彼は市役所で働いている。

5.Islanders have campaigned for the abolition of one of the three tiers of municipal power on the island.

島の住民は、島の3級市政管理職の1級を廃止するよう求める運動を始めた。