muscle

• n. 筋力
• vt.力強くする；力強く動く；力強く絞る
• vi. 勢いよく動く

ラテン語のmusculus、mouse、muscleが語源で、語源的にはmouseと同じ。筋肉の膨らみが跳躍するネズミに似ているという古代の信仰から名付けられた。

muscle

muscle: [16] Ultimately, muscle and mussel [OE] are the same word, and both owe their origin to a supposed resemblance to a mouse. They go back to Latin mūsculus, literally ‘little mouse’, a diminutive form of mūs ‘mouse’, which was applied to the shellfish because of a similarity in shape and colour, and to ‘muscle’ because the shape and movement of certain muscles beneath the skin, such as the biceps, reminded people of a mouse.

Latin mūsculus ‘mussel’ was borrowed into Old English as muscle or muxle; the -ssspelling began to emerge in the 15th century, inspired by Middle Low German mussel (which came from *muscula, a Vulgar Latin feminization of Latin mūsculus and source of French moule ‘mussel’) and reinforced in the 16th century by the introduction via Old French of muscle for ‘muscle’.

The notion of resemblance to a mouse also lies behind English musk.
=> mouse, mussel

muscle (n.)

late 14c., from Middle French muscle "muscle, sinew" (14c.) and directly from Latin musculus "a muscle," literally "little mouse," diminutive of mus "mouse" (see mouse (n.)).

So called because the shape and movement of some muscles (notably biceps) were thought to resemble mice. The analogy was made in Greek, too, where mys is both "mouse" and "muscle," and its comb. form gives the medical prefix myo-. Compare also Old Church Slavonic mysi "mouse," mysica "arm;" German Maus "mouse; muscle," Arabic 'adalah "muscle," 'adal "field mouse." In Middle English, lacerte, from the Latin word for "lizard," also was used as a word for a muscle.

Musclez & lacertez bene one selfe ting, Bot te muscle is said to te fourme of mouse & lacert to te fourme of a lizard. [Guy de Chauliac, "Grande Chirurgie," c. 1425]

Hence muscular and mousy are relatives, and a Middle English word for "muscular" was lacertous, "lizardy." Figurative sense of "force, violence, threat of violence" is 1930, American English. Muscle car "hot rod" is from 1969.

muscle (v.)

1913, "to accomplish by strength," from muscle (n.). Related: Muscled; muscling. To muscle in is 1929 in underworld slang.

1. Eisenhower used his muscle to persuade Congress to change the law.

アイゼンハワーは、彼の影響力で国会を説得してこの法律を改正した。

2.Dave pulled a back muscle and could barely kick the ball.

デイブは背中にけがをし、ほとんどボールを蹴ることができなかった。

3.This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.

このようにすると、体が弱ったり筋肉が萎縮したりする可能性があります。

4.They call rowing the perfect sport.It exercises every major muscle group.

彼らはボートを漕ぐことが最高の運動であり、それぞれの主要筋肉群を鍛えることができると呼んでいる。

5.The body is made up primarily of bone， muscle ，and fat.

人体は主に骨格、筋肉、脂肪で構成されている。