ostracism

• n. 追放；追放；貝殻追放法

ラテン語の ostracismus、排除、追放、ギリシャ語の ostrakon、骨、タイル、貝殻、PIE*ost、骨に由来、語源的には牡蠣、骨と同じ。 古代ギリシャのある時期、都市国家アテネで毎年行われていた投票から。人々は、追放すべきだと思う人の名前をタイルや貝殻の破片に書き、最も多くの票を得た人は10年間アテネ市から追放される。最多得票者はアテネ市から追放され、10年間外をさまようことになる。ある意味、これは一種の民主的暴力である。

ostracism

ostracism: [16] In ancient Greece, when it was proposed that a particular person should be sent into exile for a period, because he was becoming a danger to the state, a democratic vote was taken on the matter. The method of registering one’s vote was to inscribe the name of the prospective banishee on a piece of broken pottery. The pieces were counted, and if enough votes were cast against him away he would go for ten years.

The fragment of pottery was called an óstrakon, a word related to Greek ostéon ‘bone’ (source of the English prefix osteo-) and óstreon ‘oyster’ (source of English oyster). To cast such a vote was therefore ostrakízein (whence English ostracize [17]), and the abstract now derived from this was ostrakismós, source of English ostracism.

ostracism (n.)

1580s, a method of 10-year banishment in ancient Athens, by which the citizens gathered and each wrote on a potsherd or tile the name of a man they deemed dangerous to the liberties of the people, and a man whose name turned up often enough was sent away. From Middle French ostracisme (16c.), Modern Latin ostracismus, or directly from Greek ostrakismos, from ostrakizein "to ostracize," from ostrakon "tile, potsherd," from PIE *ost-r-, from root *ost- "bone" (see osseous). The Greek word is related to osteon "bone," ostreion "oyster" (and cognate with German Estrich "pavement," which is from Medieval Latin astracus "pavement," ultimately from Greek ostrakon).

A similar practice in ancient Syracuse (with banishment for five years) was by writing names on olive leaves, and thus was called petalismos.

1. Until I emigrated to America，my family and I endured progressive ostracism and discrimination.

私の家族と私自身は、私がアメリカに移住するまで、ますます激しくなる排斥と差別に耐えてきました。

2.Questioning the status quo carries the danger of ostracism 、possibly persecution.

は、現状が排除される危険性をもたらし、迫害される可能性が高いことを疑問視している。

3.Some African healers blame illness on witchcraft，which can lead to ostracism of those accused.

一部のアフリカ人医師は病気を呪術のせいにしており、患者が他の人から排斥される可能性がある。

4.For the first time in her life the import and horror of ostracism flashed upon her.

彼女は生まれて初めて社交界の排斥を受ける意味と恐ろしいことをふと思った。

5.This ostracism is bizarre given that Mr Lobo won a reasonably free election in November.

この排斥は、Lobo大統領が11月に獲得したのはかなり自由な民主選挙だったため、不可解に見える。