oughtの意味・使い方・発音

ought

英 [ɔːt] 美 [ɔt]

持つ

古英語のagan（持つ）の過去分詞ahte（持つ、すべて）が語源で、語源的にはown（所有する）、owe（負う）と同じ。 have（持つ）から後に派生した語義は、支払いや返済を義務づけられることであり、最終的には事実上の様相動詞として文法的に演出される。

ought: ought: [OE] Ought began life as the past tense of owe, but the two have diverged widely over the centuries. The Old English ancestor of owe was āgan, and its past form was āhte. This originally shared all the meanings of its parent verb, of course, and continued to do so well into the 17th century (‘He said this other day, you ought him a thousand pound’, Shakespeare, 1 Henry IV 1596). Indeed, it survived dialectally until comparatively recently. But steadily since the 1600s its role as a quasi-modal auxiliary verb, denoting ‘obligation’, has come to the fore.
=> owe
ought (v.): Old English ahte "owned, possessed," past tense of agan "to own, possess, owe" (see owe). As a past tense of owe, it shared in that word's evolution and meant at times in Middle English "possessed" and "under obligation to pay." It has been detached from owe since 17c., though he aught me ten pounds is recorded as active in East Anglian dialect from c. 1825. As an auxiliary verb expressing duty or obligation (late 12c., the main modern use), it represents the past subjunctive.
ought (n.): "zero, cipher," 1844, probably a misdivision of a nought (see nought; for misdivision, see N); meaning probably influenced by aught "anything."

1. The money to build the power station ought to have been sufficient.: 発電所建設の資金は十分なはずだ。

2.I think you ought to give football a rest for a time.: サッカーを一時的にやめるべきだと思います。

3.You know,we really ought to get another car.: 本当に車を交換しなければならないことを知っておく必要があります。

4.I felt I ought to show my face at her father 's funeral.: 私は彼女の父の葬式に行くべきだと思います。

5.You ought to be ashamed of yourselves.You 've created this problem.: あなたたちは恥じるべきで、すべてあなたたちが引き起こした災いです。