patriot

• 愛国者

ギリシャ語のpatriotes, compatriots, folks, old folks, pater, fatherに由来し、語源的にはfather.-otesと同じである。すなわち、同じ父親の、同じ祖先の、後に同胞、愛国者に使われる。

patriot

patriot: see patron

patriot (n.)

1590s, "compatriot," from Middle French patriote (15c.) and directly from Late Latin patriota "fellow-countryman" (6c.), from Greek patriotes "fellow countryman," from patrios "of one's fathers," patris "fatherland," from pater (genitive patros) "father" (see father (n.)); with -otes, suffix expressing state or condition. Liddell & Scott write that patriotes was "applied to barbarians who had only a common [patris], [politai] being used of Greeks who had a common [polis] (or free-state)."

Meaning "loyal and disinterested supporter of one's country" is attested from c. 1600, but became an ironic term of ridicule or abuse from mid-18c. in England, so that Johnson, who at first defined it as "one whose ruling passion is the love of his country," in his fourth edition added, "It is sometimes used for a factious disturber of the government."

The name of patriot had become [c. 1744] a by-word of derision. Horace Walpole scarcely exaggerated when he said that ... the most popular declaration which a candidate could make on the hustings was that he had never been and never would be a patriot. [Macaulay, "Horace Walpole," 1833]

Somewhat revived in reference to resistance movements in overrun countries in World War II, it has usually had a positive sense in American English, where the phony and rascally variety has been consigned to the word patrioteer (1928). Oriana Fallaci ["The Rage and the Pride," 2002] marvels that Americans, so fond of patriotic, patriot, and patriotism, lack the root noun and are content to express the idea of patria by cumbersome compounds such as homeland. (Joyce, Shaw, and H.G. Wells all used patria as an English word early 20c., but it failed to stick.) Patriots' Day (April 19, anniversary of the 1775 skirmishes at Lexington and Concord Bridge) was observed as a legal holiday in Maine and Massachusetts from 1894.

1. The patriot 's voice trembled from the fervo ( u ) r of his emotion.

この愛国者は感情が激高して声が震えた。

2.He was represented as a true patriot .

彼は真の愛国主義者として描かれている。

3.When toned down again，the unimpeachable patriot appeared in the witness-box.

この騒ぎは過ぎ去って、その隙のない愛国志士は証人席に登った。

4.'It is always as the good patriot says，'observed the functionary.

「この親切な愛国者の言うことはいつも正しい」と役人は言った。

5.As a boy he was a fanatical patriot .

若い頃は熱狂的な愛国者だった。