pawn

• n.質入れする；担保にする；兵士の質；人質
• vt.質入れする；......によって確保する。

古フランス語の peon（兵士）、pawn（駒）、ラテン語の pedonem（歩兵）、ラテン語の pedis（足）、PIE*ped（足）、foot（二足歩行）と語源は同じ。 元々はチェスの駒に使われ、後に pawn に由来する。

古フランス語のpan、認める、保証する、から、おそらくラテン語のpannum、布、衣服、語源はpane、パネルと同じ、布片、布片の別の意味から。 その元の意味は、衣服の質権、または布片に証書を書くことであったかもしれない。

pawn

pawn: English has two words pawn. The older, ‘chess piece’ [14], means etymologically ‘footsoldier’. It comes via Anglo-Norman poun from medieval Latin pedō ‘infantryman’, a derivative of Latin pēs ‘foot’ (to which English foot is related). The foot-soldier being the lowest of the low in the army, the term came to be applied to the ‘chess piece of lowest rank’. (English gets pioneer from a derivative of paon, the Old French version of poun.) Pawn ‘pledge as security for a loan’ [15] comes via Old French pan ‘security, pledge’ from a prehistoric West Germanic *panda (source of modern German pfand ‘pledge, security, pawn’). Penny may go back to the same source.
=> foot, pedal, pioneer; penny

pawn (n.1)

"something left as security," late 15c. (mid-12c. as Anglo-Latin pandum), from Old French pan, pant "pledge, security," also "booty, plunder," perhaps from Frankish or some other Germanic source (compare Old High German pfant, German Pfand, Middle Dutch pant, Old Frisian pand "pledge"), from West Germanic *panda, of unknown origin.

The Old French word is identical to pan "cloth, piece of cloth," from Latin pannum (nominative pannus) "cloth, piece of cloth, garment" and Klein's sources feel this is the source of both the Old French and West Germanic words (perhaps on the notion of cloth used as a medium of exchange).

pawn (n.2)

lowly chess piece, late 14c., from Anglo-French poun, Old French peon, earlier pehon, from Medieval Latin pedonem "foot soldier," from Late Latin pedonem (nominative pedo) "one going on foot," from Latin pes (genitive pedis) "foot," from PIE root *ped- (1) "a foot" (see foot (n.)). The chess sense was in Old French by 13c. Figurative use, of persons, is from 1580s.

pawn (v.)

"to give (something) as security in exchange for," 1560s, from pawn (n.1). Related: Pawned; pawning.

1. He had no way to redeem his furniture out of pawn .

彼は質屋の家具を買い戻すことができなかった.

2.A good pawn never shamed his master.

典当がよく、メンツがいい。

3.She has redeemed her jewellery from pawn .

彼女は質屋からジュエリーを請け負った。

4.It looks as though he is being used as a political pawn by the President.

大統領から政治の番人とされているように見える。

5. " Those must be pawn shops on fire,'said Mrs. Chang.

「質屋が火事になったに違いない.

漢英文学-家（1-26）-家（1-26）